PKgb94˲)((refs.MYD |?@Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U. Hyvarinen, A. Putus, T. Nevalainen, A.2008\Monitoring success of remediation: Seven case studies of moisture and mold damaged buildings19-27 Science of the Total Environment3991-3ArticleJulBased on seven case studies of buildings that underwent different degrees of moisture and mold damage remediation, we aimed to develop methodology for assessment of the success of the remediation process. Methods used in gauging the success included technical monitoring of performance of building structures and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, microbial monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ), and health effects studies of building occupants. The assessment was based on measurable change in the situations before and after remediation. Based on technical monitoring, remediation was successful in three cases, with partial improvement noted in three cases, whereas no remediation was conducted in one case. Based on microbial monitoring, improvement was detected in one, partial improvement in two and no improvement in two cases, whereas no follow-up was conducted in two cases. Health effect studies (mainly self-reported health status) showed improvement in one case, partial improvement in two cases, and no improvement in two cases, whereas no follow-up was conducted in one case, and in one case, follow-up failed due to low response rate. The results illustrate that it is possible to monitor the effects of remediation using various metrics. However, in some cases, no improvement could be observed in IAQ or occupant health, even if the remediation was considered technically successful, i.e. the remediation was fully completed as recommended. This could be due to many reasons, including: 1) all damage may not have been addressed adequately; 2) IAQ or health may not have been perceived improved regardless of remediation; and/or 3) the methods used may not have been sensitive/specific enough to detect such improvement within the 6-12 months follow-up periods after completion of the remediation. There is a need to further develop tools for monitoring and assessment of the success of moisture damage remediation in buildings. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000257569000003GHaverinen-Shaughnessy, Ua Hyvarinen, Anne Putus, Tuula Nevalainen, Aino 0048-9697ISI:0002575690000032.18210.1016/j.scitot|?URantakokko, P. Turunen, A. Verkasalo, P. K. Kiviranta, H. Mannisto, S. Vartiainen, T.2008UBlood levels of organotin compounds and their relation to fish consumption in Finland90-95 Science of the Total Environment3991-3ArticleJulThe objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of organotin compounds in the whole blood of Finnish male fishermen (n = 133), their wives (n = 94), and other family members (n = 73), and to investigate their associations with background variables. The concentrations were generally low, less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the vast majority of compounds and samples. of the organotin compounds (mono-, di-, and tributyltin, mono-, di-, and triphenyltin, and dioctyltin), only triphenyltin was detected in more than just a few samples (in 37 of 300 samples, LOQ = 0.04 ng/ml). These were mainly the samples of fishermen (26/37) and their wives (10/37). For statistical analysis, concentrations of triphenyltin were divided into two categories, LOQ. Of the different background variables, age and fish consumption contributed the most to the triphenyltin concentrations. When age and fish consumption (g/day) were divided into three categories, odds ratios comparing the highest with the lowest category were 3.88 for age (95% CI 1.36-11.09) and 3.48 for fish consumption (1.36-8.94), respectively. Compared with females, males had an odds ratio of 1.51 of having the concentration of triphenyltin > LOQ (0.72-3.14). To the best of our knowledge, this study confirmed for the first time with human samples that fish consumption can be associated with triphenyltin concentration in whole blood. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000257569000010bRantakokko, Panu Turunen, Anu Verkasalo, Pia K. Kiviranta, Hannu Mannisto, Satu Vartiainen, Terttu 0048-9697ISI:0002575690000102.18210.1016/j.sci|?0Lampi, P. Tuomisto, J. Hakulinen, T. Pukkala, E.2008bFollow-up study of cancer incidence after chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland230-2331Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health343ArticleJunObjectives In the 1970s and 1980s, people in a village in southern Finland had been exposed to high concentrations of chlorophenols in the drinking water and in fish from a nearby lake. An ecological analysis and a case-control study conducted around 1990 indicated significant excess in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and soft-tissue cancer in the municipality and a relationship between the chlorophenol exposure and the incidence of these cancers. The present article reports a follow-up of cancer risk in the same study area during a 20-year period after the closing of the old water intake plant, which was contaminated by chlorophenols. Methods The observed and expected numbers of cancer were obtained for three periods, 1953-1971 (before exposure), 1972-1986 (during exposure) and 1987-2006 (after exposure), for all cancers combined and separately for cancers potentially related to chlorophenols. Results The present study demonstrates that all of the cancer risks returned to the average population level during the 20-year period after the old water intake plant was closed and chlorophenol exposure stopped. Conclusions The rapid changes in cancer risk after changes in chlorophenol exposure suggest that chlorophenols may have a promotion effect in the carcinogenic process.://000257572700009:Lampi, Pentti Tuomisto, Jouko Hakulinen, Tim Pukkala, Eero 0355-3140ISI:000257h|?8Haapasalo, K. Jarva, H. Vuopio-Varkila, J. Jokiranta, S.2008zStreptococcus pyogenes: Acquisition of complement factor h and survival in human blood are decreased by polymorphism Y402H237-237"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology682Meeting AbstractAug://000257515700109FHaapasalo, Karita Jarva, Hanna Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana Jokiranta, Sakari 0300-9475ISI:00025751$|?TPoikonen, S. Puumalainen, T. J. Kautiainen, H. Palosuo, T. Reunala, T. Turjanmaa, K.2008fSensitization to turnip rape and oilseed rape in children with atopic dermatitis: a case-control study408-411 Pediatric Allergy and Immunology195ArticleAugTurnip rape and oilseed rape 2S albumins are new allergens in children with atopic dermatitis suspected for food allergy. We recently found that 11% (206/1887) of these children had a positive skin prick test to seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and/or turnip rape (Brassica rapa). In the present case-control study we examined how the children with atopic dermatitis sensitized to turnip rape and oilseed rape had been breast-fed and whether they had some common sensitization pattern to certain foods or pollens. A total of 64 children with atopic dermatitis and a positive skin prick test to turnip rape and/or oilseed rape (>= 5 mm) were examined. Sixty-four age- and sex-matched children with atopic dermatitis but negative skin prick tests to turnip rape and oilseed rape served as case controls. The turnip rape and/or oilseed rape sensitized children with atopic dermatitis had significantly more often positive skin prick tests reactions and IgE antibodies to various foods (cow's milk, egg, wheat, mustard; p < 0.01) and pollens (birch, timothy, mugwort; p < 0.01) than the control children. They had been exclusively breast-fed for a longer period (median 4 months; p < 0.05) and had more often associated asthma (36%) and allergic rhinitis (44%). Children with atopic dermatitis sensitized to oilseed rape and turnip rape had high frequency of associated sensitizations to all foods and pollens tested showing that oilseed plant sensitization affects especially atopic children who have been sensitized to multiple allergens.://000257570900005hPoikonen, Sanna Puumalainen, Tuija J. Kautiainen, Hannu Palosuo, Timo Reunala, Timo Turjanmaa, Kristiina 0905-6157ISI:0002575709000052.454 10.1111/j.1399+|?xGraner, M. Kahri, J. Varpula, M. Salonen, R. M. Nyyssonen, K. Jauhiainen, M. Nieminen, M. S. Syvanne, M. Taskinen, M. R.2008Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both carotid and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease271-2770Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases184ArticleMayBackground and aims: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism plays a significant rote in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between apoE polymorphism and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results: B-mode ultrasound and quantitative coronary angiography thickness (QCA) were used to assess carotid, and coronary artery atherosclerosis in 91 patients with clinically suspected CAD referred for cardiac catheterization. Two apoE phenotype groups were defined: apoE3 (E3/E3) and apoE4 (including E4/E3, E4/E4 phenotypes). Maximum IMT was higher in the apoE4 group than in the apoE3 group (p = 0.022). The global atheroma burden index was similarly higher in the apoE4 group than in the apoE3 group (p = 0.033). ApoE4 subjects had higher levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB) (p = 0.008), triglycerides (p = 0.006), remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RLP-C) (p = 0.023), and lipoprotein(a) [(Lp(a)] (p = 0.041) than apoE3 subjects. The mean LDL particle size was smaller in the apoE4 group than in the apoE3 group (p = 0.041). Conclusions: ApoE polymorphism was associated with both carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. Patients with the apoE4 isoform had an increased carotid IMT and a more severe and extensive CAD than patients with the apoE3 isoform. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000257513000004Graner, Marit Kahri, Juhani Varpula, Marjut Salonen, Riitta M. Nyyssoenen, Kristiina Jauhiainen, Matti Nieminen, Markku S. Syvaenne, Mikko Taskinen, Marja-Riitta 0939-4753ISI:0002575130000043.17410.1016/j.nuA/|?4Ceriello, A. Colagiuri, S. Gerich, J. Tuomilehto, J.2008,Guideline for management of postmeal glucoseS17-S330Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases184ReviewMayAn estimated 246 million people worldwide have diabetes. Diabetes is a leading cause of death in most developed countries, and is reaching epidemic proportions in many developing and newly industrialized nations. Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with the development of renal failure, vision toss, macrovascular diseases and amputations. Large controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that intensive treatment of diabetes can significantly decrease the development and/or progression of microvascular complications of diabetes. There appears to be no glycaemic threshold for reduction of diabetes complications; the lower the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), the tower the risk. The progressive relationship between plasma glucose Levels and cardiovascular risk extends well. below the diabetic threshold. Until recently, the predominant focus of therapy has been on lowering HbA1c levels, with a strong emphasis on fasting plasma glucose. Although control of fasting hyperglycaemia is necessary, it is usually insufficient to obtain optimal glycaemic control. A growing body of evidence suggests that reducing postmeal plasma glucose excursions is as important, or perhaps more important for achieving HbA1c goals. This guideline reviews the evidence on the harmful effects of elevated postmeal glucose and makes recommendations on its treatment, assessment and targets. (C) 2007 International Diabetes Federation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All. rights reserved.://000257513000013DCeriello, Antonio Colagiuri, Stephen Gerich, John Tuomilehto, Jaakko 0939-4753ISI:0002575130000133.17410.1016/j. M ;|?jPihlajamaa, J. Suvisaari, J. Henriksson, M. Heila, H. Karjalainen, E. Koskela, J. Cannon, M. Lonnqvist, J.2008The validity of schizophrenia diagnosis in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: Findings from a 10-year birth cohort sample198-203Nordic Journal of Psychiatry623Article The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic validity of schizophrenia in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) with a large, epidemiologically representative sample using a multidiagnostic approach (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, ICD-10), and to find additional criteria that could be used to improve the validity of schizophrenia diagnosis in future register-based research that utilizes the FHDR. The study population consisted of all individuals (n=877) who were born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1 January 1951 and 31 December 1960, and who had had at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder in the FHDR. All their available hospital case notes were collected. The total number of subjects for whom case notes were obtained was 806. We used the OPCRIT system (version 3.4) to produce diagnoses according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria based on the information extracted from the hospital case notes. We examined the distribution of the DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses generated by the OPCRIT and calculated the proportion of individuals who received the same diagnosis in the FHDR and in the OPCRIT assessment. The proportion of subjects who received a core schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or schizophreniform disorder) in both the FHDR and OPCRIT assessment varied between 75% (DSM-III-R criteria) and 78% (ICD-10 criteria). Of the subjects with a narrow schizophrenia diagnosis in the FHDR, between 74% (DSM-IV) and 78% (ICD-10) received a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the reassessment depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. Eighty per cent of those who had received a core schizophrenia spectrum FHDR diagnosis after 1982 (vs. 56% of those who had received their last schizophrenia diagnosis in 1982 or before) received a DSM-IV diagnosis of core schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Of the 58 subjects in the sample who had been given at various times diagnoses of both core schizophrenia diagnosis and bipolar I diagnosis in FHDR, 43% received a core schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria. The validity of the FHDR schizophrenia diagnosis is acceptable for large-scale register studies and comparable with that of other Nordic registers. Diagnostic validity can be further improved by selecting subjects who have core schizophrenia spectrum disorder as the latest diagnosis, by omitting cases diagnosed before 1982, and by excluding cases with a register diagnoses of both a core schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar I disorder.://000257583200005Pihlajamaa, Johanna Suvisaari, Jaana Henriksson, Markus Heila, Hannele Karjalainen, Elisa Koskela, Johanna Cannon, Mary Lonnqvist, Jouko 0803-9488ISI:0002575832000050.75210.1080 |? Juonala, M. Viikari, J. S. A. Kahonen, M. Solakivi, T. Helenius, H. Jula, A. Marniemi, J. Taittonen, L. Laitinen, T. Nikkari, T. Raitakari, O. T.2008Childhood levels of serum Apolipoproteins B and A-I predict carotid intima-media thickness and brachial endothelial function in adulthood293-299-Journal of the American College of Cardiology524ArticleJul:Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether apolipoproteins (apo) B and A-I measured in childhood and adolescence predict atherosclerosis in adulthood. Background Exposure to dyslipidemia in childhood predicts the development of atherosclerosis. Apolipoproteins B and A-I might be good markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia, but there is a paucity of information concerning their importance in childhood. Methods Apolipoproteins B and A-I, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, obesity, insulin, C-reactive protein, and smoking were assessed in 1980 and 2001 among 879 subjects in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study ( ages 3 to 18 years at baseline). Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured in 2001 at the age of 24 to 39 years. Results In subjects ages 12 to 18 years at baseline, apoB and apoB/apoA-I ratio were directly ( p < 0.001) related and apoA-I was inversely ( p = 0.01) related with adulthood IMT. In subjects ages 3 to 18 years at baseline, apoB ( p = 0.02) and the apoB/apoA- I ratio ( p < 0.001) were inversely related and apoA- I ( p = 0.003) was directly related to adulthood FMD. These relations were not altered when the effects of nonlipid risk factors and adulthood apolipoproteins were taken into account. The apoB/apoA- I ratio measured in adolescence was superior to LDL/HDL ratio (c-values, 0.623 vs. 0.569, p = 0.03) in predicting increased IMT in adulthood ( IMT >= 90th percentile and/ or carotid plaque). Conclusions Apolipoproteins B and A-I measured in children and adolescents reflect a lipoprotein profile predisposing to the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. These markers might have value in pediatric lipid risk assessment.://000257654200009Juonala, Markus Viikari, Jorma S. A. Kahonen, Mika Solakivi, Tiina Helenius, Hans Jula, Antti Marniemi, Jukka Taittonen, Leena Laitinen, Tomi Nikkari, Tapio Raitakari, Olli T. 0735-1097ISI:00025765420000911.05410.1016/j p|? Chen, W. M. Erdos, M. R. Jackson, A. U. Saxena, R. Sanna, S. Silver, K. D. Timpson, N. J. Hansen, T. Orru, M. Piras, M. G. Bonnycastle, L. L. Willer, C. J. Lyssenko, V. Shen, H. Q. Kuusisto, J. Ebrahim, S. Sestu, N. Duren, W. L. Spada, M. C. Stringham, H. M. Scott, L. J. Olla, N. Swift, A. J. Najjar, S. Mitchell, B. D. Lawlor, D. A. Smith, G. D. Ben-Shlomo, Y. Andersen, G. Borch-Johnsen, K. Jorgensen, T. Saramies, J. Valle, T. T. Buchanan, T. A. Shuldiner, A. R. Lakatta, E. Bergman, R. N. Uda, M. Tuomilehto, J. Pedersen, O. Cao, A. Groop, L. Mohlke, K. L. Laakso, M. Schlessinger, D. Collins, F. S. Altshuler, D. Abecasis, G. R. Boehnke, M. Scuteri, A. Watanabe, R. M.2008XVariations in the G6PC2/ABCB11 genomic region are associated with fasting glucose levels 2620-2628!Journal of Clinical Investigation1187ArticleJulIdentifying the genetic variants that regulate fasting glucose concentrations may further our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes. We therefore investigated the association of fasting glucose levels with SNPs in 2 genomewide scans including a total of 5,088 nondiabetic individuals from Finland and Sardinia. We found a significant association between the SNP rs563694 and fasting glucose concentrations (P = 3.5 x 10(-7)). This association was further investigated in an additional 18,436 nondiabetic individuals of mixed European descent from 7 different studies. The combined P value for association in these follow-up samples was 6.9 x 10(-26), and combining results from all studies resulted in an overall P value for association of 6.4 x 10(-33). Across these studies, fasting glucose concentrations increased 0.01-0.16 mM with each copy of the major allele, accounting for approximately 1% of the total variation in fasting glucose. The rs563694 SNP is located between the genes glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 (G6PC2) and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 11 (ABCB11). Our results in combination with data reported in the literature suggest that G6PC2, a glucose-6-phosphatase almost exclusively expressed in pancreatic islet cells, may underlie variation in fasting glucose, though it is possible that ABCB11, which is expressed primarily in liver, may also contribute to such variation.://000257657400029kChen, Wei-Min Erdos, Michael R. Jackson, Anne U. Saxena, Richa Sanna, Serena Silver, Kristi D. Timpson, Nicholas J. Hansen, Torben Orru, Marco Piras, Maria Grazia Bonnycastle, Lori L. Willer, Cristen J. Lyssenko, Valeriya Shen, Haiqing Kuusisto, Johanna Ebrahim, Shah Sestu, Natascia Duren, William L. Spada, Maria Cristina Stringham, Heather M. Scott, Laura J. Olla, Nazario Swift, Amy J. Najjar, Samer Mitchell, Braxton D. Lawlor, Debbie A. Smith, George Davey Ben-Shlomo, Yoav Andersen, Gitte Borch-Johnsen, Knut Jorgensen, Torben Saramies, Jouko Valle, Timo T. Buchanan, Thomas A. Shuldiner, Alan R. Lakatta, Edward Bergman, Richard N. Uda, Manuela Tuomilehto, Jaakko Pedersen, Oluf Cao, Antonio Groop, Leif Mohlke, Karen L. Laakso, Markku Schlessinger, David Collins, Francis S. Altshuler, David Abecasis, Goncalo R. Boehnke, Michael Scuteri, Angelo Watanabe, Richard M. 0021-9738ISI:00025765740002916.915L|? IYan, Y. Silvennoinen-Kassinen, S. Tormakangas, L. Leinonen, M. Saikku, P.2008ZSelective cyclooxygenase inhibitors prevent the growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae in HL cells78-83-International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents321ArticleJul The effects of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors SC-560 and PTPBS were studied in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected HL cell cultures. Chlamydia pneumoniae growth and viability were assessed by quantifying inclusions and re-passages. COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression in HL cells during chlamydial infection was quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. SC-560 (10 mu g/mL) and PTPBS (18 mu g/mL) completely inhibited the growth of C. pneumoniae and the effect was dose-dependent between 4-9 mu g/mL and 2-16 mu g/mL, respectively. Inclusion size was reduced from 11.5 +/- 1.3 mu m to 1.9 +/- 0.7 mu m in the presence of the drugs. Removing the drugs returned the size to normal and increased the number of inclusions. Selective COX inhibitors appear to have a chlamydiostatic but not chlamydiacidic effect: they inhibit the growth of C. pneumoniae in vitro but do not prevent infection or eradicate C. pneumoniae from host cells. 2008 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.://000257626900012WYan, Ying Silvennoinen-Kassinen, Sylvi Tormakangas, Liisa Leinonen, Maija Saikku, Pekka 0924-8579ISI:0002576269000122.338!10.1016/j.ijanti,|? ALavikainen, H. Ahlstrom, S. Metso, L. Nevalainen, J. Lintonen, T.2008pRelationship between negative experiences and drinking experience among 15-to 16-year-old adolescents in Finland169-178European Addiction Research143ArticleAims: To assess the relationship between negative experiences and frequency of alcohol drinking and drunkenness among 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in Finland. Methods: A school-based survey as part of the European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) conducted in Finland in 2003. Nationally representative sample of Finnish adolescents, aged 15-16 (n = 3,321). Response rate 92%. Negative experiences, alcohol use and drunkenness were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between negative experiences and drinking experience. Results: Prevalence of negative experiences increased with increased frequency of drinking and drunkenness. Certain harms (troubles with the police, engaging in regretted and unprotected sexual intercourse) were experienced primarily with frequent drinking and drunkenness (1 20 occasions). Logistic regression analysis indicated that only the drunkenness-related drinking style was significantly related to troubles with the police and engaging in sexual intercourse regretted the next day. Conclusions: While under-aged youths experience many problems in relationship to their alcohol use, certain problems are highly associated with frequent and heavy drinking, especially with drunkenness-related drinking style. These findings should be acknowledged when implementing effective alcohol education and alcohol-related policies to reduce under-aged alcohol use and related harms. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.://000257516200008PLavikainen, Hanna Ahlstrom, Salme Metso, Leena Nevalainen, Jaakko Lintonen, Tomi 1022-6877ISI:0002575162000081.58310wz|? IVarhimo, E. Savijoki, K. Jefremoff, H. Jalava, J. Sukura, A. Varmanen, P.2008fCiprofloxacin induces mutagenesis to antibiotic resistance independent of UmuC in Streptococcus uberis 2179-2183Environmental Microbiology108ArticleAugStreptococcus uberis is an environmental bovine mastitis pathogen capable of UV-inducible SOS mutagenesis. Bacterial SOS systems can be induced by several chemicals including also antibiotics used in clinical practice. Here, we have studied the effect of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and known inducer of SOS, on mutations leading to antibiotic resistance in S. uberis. Mutation frequencies and spectra were compared in a wild-type S. uberis strain and its Delta umuC derivative. The results revealed that concentrations of ciprofloxacin corresponding to 0.3-0.5x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) induce mutagenesis independent of UmuC. Partial sequencing of the rpoB gene of individual rifampin-resistant clones from wild-type and Delta umuC strains revealed a similar but complex pattern of point mutations including transitions, transversions and deletions/insertions. It was previously shown that UV induces mainly transition-type mutations and UmuC is essential for the process. Thus, the results presented here demonstrate that S. uberis employs distinct mechanisms for ciprofloxacin and UV-induced mutagenesis, which is a striking difference to Escherichia coli SOS model.://000257715500024[Varhimo, Emilia Savijoki, Kirsi Jefremoff, Hanna Jalava, Jari Sukura, Antti Varmanen, Pekka 1462-2912ISI:0002577155000244.929 10.1111/j.1462-2UCz|?Karjalainen, J. Peltonen, M. Vanhala, M. Korpi-Hyovalti, E. Puolijoki, H. Saltevo, J. Oksa, H. Saaristo, T. Tuomilehto, J. Kujala, U. M.2008Leisure time physical activity in individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes compared to those with known type 2 diabetes110-116'Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice811ArticleJulAims: To investigate whether leisure time physical activity (LTPA) characteristics differ between individuals with previously undiagnosed (screen-detected) and those with previously diagnosed (known) type 2 diabetes. Methods: A population-based random sample of 1364 (participation rate 61%) men and 1461 (65%) women aged 45-74 years participated in a cross-sectional health examination including an oral glucose tolerance test and physical activity assessment by a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Women with screen-detected type 2 diabetes (n = 110) were physically less active than those with known type 2 diabetes (n = 68) with differences in the duration of physical activity sessions (multivariate-adjusted P = 0.041) and the number of moderate to high intensity exercise sessions per week (multivariate-adjusted P = 0.007). In men no differences in LTPA were observed between individuals with screen-detected (n = 126) and with known type 2 diabetes (n = 109). Conclusions: This study supplies indirect evidence that in women, but not in men, with diagnosed type 2 diabetes exercise counselling or other treatment related factors produces the desired increase in LTPA. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.://000257567000019Karjalainen, Jaana Peltonen, Markku Vanhala, Mauno Korpi-Hyovalti, Eeva Puolijoki, Hannu Saltevo, Juha Oksa, Heikki Saaristo, Timo Tuomilehto, Jaakko Kujala, Urho M. 0168-8227ISI:0002575670000191.82310.1016/j.dzt|?Max, J. B. Limburg, P. J. Ogunseitan, A. Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z. Vierkant, R. A. Pollak, M. J. Sellers, T. A. Virtamo, J. Cerhan, J. R. Albanes, D.2008IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio: No association with incident colorectal cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study 1832-1834+Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention177Editorial MaterialJul://000257735500036Max, Joshua B. Limburg, Paul J. Ogunseitan, Adeboye Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z. Vierkant, Robert A. Pollak, Michael J. Sellers, Thomas A. Virtamo, Jarmo Cerhan, James R. Albanes, Demetrius 1055-9965ISI:0002577355000364.64210.1158/1055-|?_Valtonen, H. M. Suominen, K. Haukka, J. Mantere, O. Leppamaki, S. Arvilommi, P. Isometsa, E. T.2008XDifferences in incidence of suicide attempts during phases of bipolar I and II disorders588-596Bipolar Disorders105ArticleAugBackground: Differences in the incidence of suicide attempts during various phases of bipolar disorder (BD), or the relative importance of static versus time-varying risk factors for overall risk for suicide attempts, are unknown. Methods: We investigated the incidence of suicide attempts in different phases of BD as a part of the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), a naturalistic, prospective, 18-month study representing psychiatric in- and outpatients with DSM-IV BD in three Finnish cities. Life charts were used to classify time spent in follow-up in the different phases of illness among the 81 BD I and 95 BD II patients. Results: Compared to the other phases of the illness, the incidence of suicide attempts was 37-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI) for relative risk (RR): 11.8-120.3] during combined mixed and depressive mixed states, and 18-fold higher (95% CI: 6.5-50.8) during major depressive phases. In Cox's proportional hazards regression models, combined mixed (mixed or depressive mixed) or major depressive phases and prior suicide attempts independently predicted suicide attempts. No other factor significantly modified the risks related to these time-varying risk factors; their population-attributable fraction was 86%. Conclusions: The incidence of suicide attempts varies remarkably between illness phases, with mixed and depressive phases involving the highest risk by time. Time spent in high-risk illness phases is likely the major determinant of overall risk for suicide attempts among BD patients. Studies of suicidal behavior should investigate the role of both static and time-varying risk factors in overall risk; clinically, management of mixed and depressive phases may be crucial in reducing risk.://000257717700004qValtonen, Hanna M. Suominen, Kirsi Haukka, Jari Mantere, Outi Leppamaki, Sami Arvilommi, Petri Isometsa, Erkki T. 1398-5647ISI:0002577177000044.442 9965.epi-08-0345 iabres.2008.03.006 920.2008.01634.x 3 #F7-Niittynen, M. Tuomisto, J. T. Pohjanvirta, R.2008Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on heme oxygenase-1, biliverdin IXalpha reductase and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 in rats with wild-type or variant AH receptor Toxicology 2008/07/29Jul 102,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic accumulation of biliverdin and its monoglucuronide in moderately TCDD-resistant line B rats, but not in highly TCDD-resistant line A rats. In the mammalian heme degradation process, heme is cleaved to biliverdin by the rate-limiting enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Subsequently, biliverdin IXalpha reductase (BVRA) catalyzes the reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin. In heme biosynthesis, the rate-limiting enzyme is delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 (ALAS1). The effect of TCDD on HO-1, BVRA and ALAS1 was studied at the levels of mRNA (all three enzymes), protein expression (HO-1), and enzymatic activity (BVRA, liver only) in order to determine whether the accumulation of biliverdin could be due to their altered expression. In both lines A and B, 300mug/kg TCDD transiently repressed hepatic HO-1 mRNA on day 2 but induced HO-1 protein expression at later time-points; however, the impact emerged earlier (day 14 vs. day 35) in line B rats. In spleen, TCDD repressed HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in lines A and B through days 2-35, but did not affect its mRNA levels in TCDD-sensitive L-E rats (10 days after 100mug/kg). In all rat strains/lines, there was a strong repression of ALAS1 and a moderate induction of BVRA mRNA in liver, but mostly not in spleen. Hepatic BVRA activity was increased in lines A and B on day 14. At 5 weeks, it was still elevated in line A but reduced to 51% of control in line B. The results suggest that hepatic heme degradation is induced by TCDD in rats; however, this does not alone explain the accumulation of biliverdin in line B rats. Other factors such as the late repression of BVRA found here and possibly oxidative stress may be important contributors to biliverdin accumulation in these rats.18657588#Toxicology Toxicology. 2008 Jul 10.0300-483X (Print)2.919gDepartment of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.;S0300-483X(08)00288-6 [pii] 10.1016/j.tox.2008.06 agn003 [doi]eng /1769 [pii]eng  .1159/000130421 micag.2008.02.021 10.1172/jci34566 .jacc.2008.03.054 /08039480801983596 numecd.2008.01.012 mecd.2007.01.003 -3038.2007.00666.x  858 [doi]eng  57001091.928 5727000091.387  env.2008.03.033 totenv.2008.03.017 .014 [doi]Engg ?Endnote :: Firefox Add-ons3https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/31316864- and outpatients with DSM-IV BD in three Finnish cities. Life charts were used to classify time spent in follow-up in the different phases of illness among the 81 BD I and 95 BD II patients. RESULTS: Compared to the other phases of the illness, the incidence of suicide attempts was 37-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI) for relative risk (RR): 11.8-120.3] during combined mixed and depressive mixed states, and 18-fold higher (95% CI: 6.5-50.8) during major depressive phases. In Cox's proportional hazards regression models, combined mixed (mixed or depressive mixed) or major depressive phases and prior suicide attempts independently predicted suicide attempts. No other factor significantly modified the risks related to these time-varying risk factors; their population-attributable fraction was 86%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of suicide attempts varies remarkably between illness phases, with mixed and depressive phases involving the highest risk by time. Time spent in high-risk illness phases is likely the major determinant of overall risk for suicide attempts among BD patients. Studies of suicidal behavior should investigate the role of both static and time-varying risk factors in overall risk; clinically, management of mixed and depressive phases may be crucial in reducing risk.18657243Valtonen, Hanna M Suominen, Kirsi Haukka, Jari Mantere, Outi Leppamaki, Sami Arvilommi, Petri Isometsa, Erkki T Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Denmark Bipolar disorders Bipolar Disord. 2008 Jul;10(5):588-96.1399-5618 (Electronic)fDepartment of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.3BDI553 [pii] 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00553.x [doi]eng H|7Kajantie, E. Hovi, P. Raikkonen, K. Pesonen, A. K. Heinonen, K. Jarvenpaa, A. L. Eriksson, J. G. Strang-Karlsson, S. Andersson, S.2008Young adults with very low birth weight: leaving the parental home and sexual relationships--Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adultse62-72 Pediatrics1221 2008/07/04Adolescent Adult Adult Children/ psychology Female Finland Follow-Up Studies Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Very Low Birth Weight Interpersonal Relations Life Change Events Logistic Models MaleJulOBJECTIVE: Although most children and adults who are born very preterm live healthy lives, they have, on average, lower cognitive scores, more internalizing behaviors, and deficits in social skills. This could well affect their transition to adulthood. We studied the tempo of first leaving the parental home and starting cohabitation with an intimate partner and sexual experience of young adults with very low birth weight (<1500 g). METHODS: In conjunction with the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults, 162 very low birth weight individuals and 188 individuals who were born at term (mean age: 22.3 years [range: 18.5-27.1]) and did not have any major disability filled out a questionnaire. For analysis of their ages at events which had not occurred in all subjects, we used survival analysis (Cox regression), adjusted for gender, current height, parents' ages at the birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental educational attainment, number of siblings, and parental divorce/death. RESULTS: During their late teens and early adulthood, these very low birth weight adults were less likely to leave the parental home and to start cohabiting with an intimate partner. In gender-stratified analyses, these hazard ratios were similar between genders, but the latter was statistically significant for women only. These very low birth weight adults were also less likely to experience sexual intercourse. This relationship was statistically significant for women but not for men; however, very low birth weight women and men both reported a smaller lifetime number of sex partners than did control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy young adults with very low birth weight show a delay in leaving the parental home and starting sexual activity and partnerships.18595976Kajantie, Eero Hovi, Petteri Raikkonen, Katri Pesonen, Anu-Katriina Heinonen, Kati Jarvenpaa, Anna-Liisa Eriksson, Johan G Strang-Karlsson, Sonja Andersson, Sture Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Pediatrics Pediatrics. 2008 Jul;122(1):e62-72.1098-4275 (Electronic)4.473iNational Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland. eero.kajantie@helsinki.fi,122/1/e62 [pii] 10.1542/peds.2007-3 4 #|7OYliharsila, H. Kajantie, E. Osmond, C. Forsen, T. Barker, D. J. Eriksson, J. G.2008YBody mass index during childhood and adult body composition in men and women aged 56-70 y1769-75Am J Clin Nutr876 2008/06/11Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology Adult Aged Aging/physiology Birth Weight Body Composition Body Mass Index Child Child, Preschool Electric Impedance Female Finland Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Social Class ThinnessJunhBACKGROUND: The relation between the change in body mass index (BMI) through childhood and body composition in adult life is important because body composition is known to affect adult health. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how the change in BMI throughout childhood is related to adult lean and fat mass. DESIGN: We examined how the change in BMI in childhood was related to adult body composition in 885 men and 1032 women born during 1934-1944, whose weights and heights during childhood were recorded serially. Adult lean and fat mass were measured by bioelectrical impedance with an 8-polar tactile electrode system. RESULTS: In these 56-70-y-old men and women, adult lean body mass index (lean mass/height(2); in kg/m(2)) was positively associated with BMI at birth (0.24 and 0.20 higher for each 1-SD increase in BMI at birth, respectively) and with more rapid gain in BMI from birth to 1 y (0.17 and 0.22), 1-2 y (0.21 and 0.20), 2-7 y (0.44 and 0.46), and 7-11 y (0.32 and 0.26) of age. Fat mass index (fat mass/height(2)) was positively associated with more rapid increases in BMI between 2 and 11 y of age. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid gain in BMI before the age of 2 y increased adult lean body mass without excess fat accumulation, whereas rapid gain in BMI in later childhood, despite the concurrent rise in lean mass, resulted in relatively larger increases in fat mass.18541567Yliharsila, Hilkka Kajantie, Eero Osmond, Clive Forsen, Tom Barker, David Jp Eriksson, Johan G United Kingdom British Heart Foundation Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States The American journal of clinical nutrition Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1769-75.0002-9165 (Print)6.603~National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Helsinki, Finland. hilkka.yliharsila@ktl.fi87/68|7 Kajantie, E.2008#Early-life events. Effects on aging101-13Hormones (Athens)72 2008/05/15Aged Aging/ physiology Birth Weight Child Chronic Disease/ epidemiology Gestational Age Humans Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/ growth & development/ physiology Infant, NewbornApr-Jun$During the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has emerged showing that circumstances during the fetal period and childhood may have lifelong programming effects on different body functions with a considerable impact on disease susceptibility. From a medical point of view, these long-term effects are today referred to as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept. The DOHaD concept may have a fundamental impact on our ideas about when and how to intervene in order to prevent aging-related loss of function and disease. The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of epidemiological findings relating early-life conditions with key aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, depression, cognitive impairments and osteoporosis. There are several mechanisms that have been suggested as linking early-life events with late-life disease. This review will discuss programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function as one of the best characterised examples of such mechanisms.18477547cKajantie, Eero Review Greece Hormones (Athens, Greece) Hormones (Athens). 2008 Apr-Jun;7(2):101-13.1109-3099 (Print)NNational Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. eero.kajantie@helsinki.fieng |7pSaarni, S. I. Joutsenniemi, K. Koskinen, S. Suvisaari, J. Pirkola, S. Sintonen, H. Poikolainen, K. Lonnqvist, J.2008lAlcohol consumption, abstaining, health utility, and quality of life--a general population survey in Finland376-86Alcohol Alcohol433 2008/02/05Adult Alcohol Drinking/ epidemiology/psychology Female Finland/epidemiology Health Status Indicators Health Surveys Humans Male Middle Aged Quality of Life/psychology Temperance/psychologyMay-JunAIMS: To examine the associations between alcohol consumption and utility-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL), subjective quality of life (QoL), self-rated health (SRH), and mental distress. METHODS: Representative general population survey in Finland, with 5871 persons aged 30-64 years. HRQoL was measured with two health utility instruments (15D and EQ-5D), QoL and SRH were measured with RATING scales, and mental distress with a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Past alcohol problems were diagnosed with a structured psychiatric interview known as the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI). Alcohol consumption was examined with a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Negative associations between alcohol and well-being were observed on several measures for women consuming more than 173 g and men more than 229 g per week. Former drinkers scored worst on most measures, even in comparison to the highest drinking decile. For men, all statistically significant associations between moderate drinking and well-being disappeared when sociodemographic factors and former drinkers were controlled for. For women, moderate alcohol use associated with better SRH and EQ-5D as compared to abstainers. However, the possible health utility benefits associated with moderate alcohol consumption were of clinically insignificant magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: Failure to separate former drinkers and other abstainers produces a significant bias favoring moderate drinkers. As the possible health utility benefits of moderate alcohol use were clinically insignificant, it suffices to investigate mortality, when estimating the public health impact of moderate alcohol consumption using quality-adjusted life years.18245136,Saarni, Samuli I Joutsenniemi, Kaisla Koskinen, Seppo Suvisaari, Jaana Pirkola, Sami Sintonen, Harri Poikolainen, Kari Lonnqvist, Jouko Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 May-Jun;43(3):376-86. Epub 2008 Feb 1.1464-3502 (Electronic)2.092National Public Health Institute, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Helsinki, Finland. samuli.saarni@helsinki.fi(agn003 [pii] 10.1093/alcalc/ |7Ylisaukko-oja, T. Rehnstrom, K. Auranen, M. Vanhala, R. Alen, R. Kempas, E. Ellonen, P. Turunen, J. A. Makkonen, I. Riikonen, R. Nieminen-von Wendt, T. von Wendt, L. Peltonen, L. Jarvela, I.2005:Analysis of four neuroligin genes as candidates for autism1285-92Eur J Hum Genet1312 2005/08/04DAutistic Disorder/ genetics/physiopathology Carrier Proteins/ genetics/physiology DNA Mutational Analysis Genetic Markers Humans Membrane Proteins/ genetics/physiology Microsatellite Repeats Nerve Tissue Proteins/ genetics/physiology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Signal Transduction/genetics Synapses/pathology/physiologyDecNeuroligins are cell-adhesion molecules located at the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Neuroligins interact with beta-neurexins and this interaction is involved in the formation of functional synapses. Mutations in two X-linked neuroligin genes, NLGN3 and NLGN4, have recently been implicated in pathogenesis of autism. The neuroligin gene family consists of five members (NLGN1 at 3q26, NLGN2 at 17p13, NLGN3 at Xq13, NLGN4 at Xp22, and NLGN4Y at Yq11), of which NLGN1 and NLGN3 are located within the best loci observed in our previous genome-wide scan for autism in the Finnish sample. Here, we report a detailed molecular genetic analysis of NLGN1, NLGN3, NLGN4, and NLNG4Y in the Finnish autism sample. Mutation analysis of 30 probands selected from families producing linkage evidence for Xq13 and/or 3q26 loci revealed several polymorphisms, but none of these seemed to be functional. Family-based association analysis in 100 families with autism spectrum disorders yielded only modest associations at NLGN1 (rs1488545, P=0.002), NLGN3 (DXS7132, P=0.014), and NLGN4 (DXS996, P=0.031). We conclude that neuroligin mutations most probably represent rare causes of autism and that it is unlikely that the allelic variants in these genes would be major risk factors for autism.16077734aYlisaukko-oja, Tero Rehnstrom, Karola Auranen, Mari Vanhala, Raija Alen, Reija Kempas, Elli Ellonen, Pekka Turunen, Joni A Makkonen, Ismo Riikonen, Raili Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina von Wendt, Lennart Peltonen, Leena Jarvela, Irma Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England European journal of human genetics : EJHG Eur J Hum Genet. 2005 Dec;13(12):1285-92.1018-4813 (Print)4.003pDepartment of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. tero.ylisaukko-oja@ktl.fi+5201474 [pii] 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201474 [doi]engPK|9I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! H!H!H! (H! 3H! >H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! "H! -H!8H!idreference_typetext_stylesauthoryeartitlepagessecondary_titlevolumenumbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_publishedpublishersubsidiary_authoreditionkeywordstype_of_workdateabstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_authornotesisbncustom_1custom_2custom_3custom_4alternate_titleaccession_numbercall_numbershort_titlecustom_5custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationreprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaptioncustom_7electronic_resource_numberlink_to_pdftranslated_authortranslated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_noteslanguageaccess_datelast_modified_datePKgb94˲)((refs.MYDPK|9I/**Nrefs.FRMPKlL