PK8Oe9 33refs.MYD |?oVirtanen, S. M. Roivainen, M. Andersson, M. A. Hoornstra, D. Mikkola, R. Ylipaasto, P. Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S.2008dCereulide, a foodborne peptide highly toxic towards the insulin producing beta-cells of the pancreas99-99Journal of Peptide Science148Meeting AbstractAug://000259026900304Virtanen, Suvi M. Roivainen, Merja Andersson, Maria A. Hoornstra, Douwe Mikkola, Raimo Ylipaasto, Petri Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja S. Suppl. S 1075-2617ISI:0002590|?nKruglov, A. G. Andersson, M. A. Mikkola, R. Kredics, L. Roivainen, M. Saris, N. E. L. Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S.2008MThe unique toxic effect of acrebol, a novel peptide from Acremonium exuviarum103-104Journal of Peptide Science148Meeting AbstractAug://000259026900318Kruglov, Alexey G. Andersson, Maria A. Mikkola, Raimo Kredics, Laszlo Roivainen, Merja Saris, Nils-Erik L. Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja S. Suppl. S 1075-2617ISI:000259 |?OBoyko, E. J. Shaw, J. E. Zimmet, P. Z. Chitson, P. Tuomilehto, J. Alberti, Kgmm2008hA prospective study of glycemia, body size, insulin resistance and the risk of hypertension in Mauritius 1742-1749Journal of Hypertension269ArticleSepObjective To estimate the associations between new-onset hypertension and glycemia, insulin resistance, and overall and regional adiposity in a prospective study conducted in Mauritius. Research design and methods Three thousand five hundred and eighty-one adults without hypertension, pregnancy, or known diabetes at baseline (1987) were followed for incident hypertension in 1992 and 1998, (systolic blood pressure >= 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >= 90mmHg or antihypertensive medication treatment). Other measurements included fasting plasma glucose and 2-h plasma glucose after a 75-g oral glucose load, fasting insulin, BMI, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol use, exercise, and demographic information. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the computerized homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) program. Results In multivariable logistic models that included age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol use, exercise, education, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, BMI, and waist circumference, the independent predictors of incident hypertension by time of follow-up were (odds ratio for a 1 SD increase; 95% confidence interval): 1992 - age (1.73; 1.47-2.03), Creole ethnicity (1.42; 1.04-1.94), 2-h plasma glucose (1.26; 1.04-1.51); 1998 - age (1.60; 1.40-1.83) andBMI (1.33; 1.05-1.69). Also, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly predicted hypertension at both time points. Conclusion Risk factor patterns depended on duration of follow-up. Over 5 years, hypertension was related to 2-h plasma glucose but not to measures of body size or homeostasis model assessment, while over 11 years, incident hypertension was related to BMI but not waist circumference, 2-h plasma glucose, or homeostasis model assessment. These findings support a more important role for 2-h plasma glucose and overall adiposity than waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, or insulin resistance in the development of hypertension in Mauritius.://000259304900006qBoyko, Edward J. Shaw, Jonathan E. Zimmet, Paul Z. Chitson, Pierrot Tuomilehto, Jaakko Alberti, Kurt George M. M. 0263-6352ISI:0002593YG<|?sHartman, M. Hall, P. Edgren, G. Reilly, M. Lindstrom, L. Lichtenstein, P. Kaprio, J. Skytthe, A. Peto, J. Czene, K.2008=Breast cancer onset in twins and women with bilateral disease 4086-4091Journal of Clinical Oncology2625ArticleSepNPurpose Little is known of the onset of breast cancer in high- risk populations. We investigated the risk of breast cancer in twin sisters and in the contralateral breast taking family history into consideration. Patients and Methods We analyzed a Scandinavian population- based cohort of 2,499 female twin pairs, in which at least one had a diagnosis of breast cancer and estimated the risk of breast cancer in the sister. Using a total of 11 million individuals in Sweden with complete family links, we identified 93,448 women with breast cancer and estimated the risk of a bilateral breast cancer. Results The incidence of breast cancer in twin sisters of breast cancer patients was 0.64% per year and 0.42% per year in mono- and dizygotic twin sisters, respectively. In comparison, the risk of familial (affected first-degree relative) and nonfamilial bilateral breast cancer was 1.03% per year and 0.68% per year, respectively. Contrary to the risk of unilateral disease, the risk of cancer in the nonaffected twin and the opposite breast was not affected by age or time since first event. The relative risk of familial bilateral cancer was 52% higher (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.64) and the relative risk in the dizygotic twin sister was 25% lower (IRR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91) compared with the risk of nonfamilial bilateral cancer. Conclusion The elevated risk of breast cancer in high- risk groups is little affected by age and time since diagnosis. Our findings suggest that susceptible groups of women might have already aggregated genetic prerequisites for breast cancer.://000259350200006Hartman, Mikael Hall, Per Edgren, Gustaf Reilly, Marie Lindstrom, Linda Lichtenstein, Paul Kaprio, Jaakko Skytthe, Axel Peto, Julian Czene, Kamila 0732-183XISI:00025935020000615.48410.1202#|?Holtta, V. Klemetti, P. Sipponen, T. Kociubinski, G. Westerholm-Ormio, M. Solo, H. Rasanen, L. Kolho, K. L. Farkkila, M. Savilahti, E. Vaarala, O.20085IL-23/IL-17 immunity as a hallmark of Crohn's disease 1175-1184Inflammatory Bowel Diseases149ArticleSepBackground: We Studied the balance between ileal T-effector cells versus T-regulatory cells in active and inactive Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: we compared effector and regulatory T-cell-related markers such as interleukin (IL)-17, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, and Foxp3 transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta CTLA-4 and markers for innate immune activation such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-12p70 studied with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in ileal biopsies from patients with active or inactive CD and from control subjects. IL-17 in fecal samples was detected by ELISA. The effect of IL-17 oil IL-8 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in epithelial cell line Caco-2 was studied. Results: The numbers of IL-4-, IL-17-. and IL-23(p19)-positive cells in the lamina propria were higher in patients with Cl), both active and inactive, than in the controls. mRNA expression of IL-17A IL-6, and Foxp3 was increased in the biopsies both from patients with active disease and those in remission, whereas mRNA expression of IL-23 was increased oil]), in active disease. Fecal IL-17 concentration was increase([ in patients with active disease. IL-17 enhanced the IL-8 and TNF-alpha response of the epithelial cell line to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that activation of the IL-23/ IL-17 axis is fundamentally connected to the etiology of CD and may represent the basis for the relapsing nature of the disease by increasing the sensitivity of epithelium to microbial LPS.://000259077300001Holtta, Veera Klemetti, Paula Sipponen, Taina Kociubinski, Guillermo Westerholm-Ormio, Mia Solo, Horri Rasanen, Loura Kolho, Kaija-Leena Farkkila, Martti Savilahti, Erkki Vaarala, Outi 1078-0998ISI:00025907|?\Toropainen, M. Raitolehto, A. Henckaerts, I. Wauters, D. Poolman, J. Lestrate, P. Kayhty, H.2008Pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine induces antibodies that inhibit glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity of protein D 4546-4553Infection and Immunity7610ArticleOctHaemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein D (PD) is a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) activity-possessing virulence factor and a promising vaccine antigen, providing 35.3% efficacy against acute otitis media caused by nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) when it was used as a carrier protein in a novel pneumococcal PD conjugate (Pnc-PD) vaccine. To study if PD-induced protection against NTHI could be due to antibodies that inhibit or neutralize its enzymatic activity, a GlpQ enzyme inhibition assay was developed, and serum samples collected from Finnish infants before and after Pnc-PD vaccination were analyzed for enzyme inhibition and anti-PD immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentration. Before vaccination at age 2 months, the majority (84%) of infants (n = 69) had no detectable anti-PD IgG antibodies, and all were enzyme inhibition assay negative (inhibition index, < 20). At age 13 to 16 months, all infants receiving three or four doses of Pnc-PD had detectable anti-PD IgG antibodies and 36% (8/22 infants) of the infants receiving three doses and 26% (6/23 infants) of the infants receiving four doses of Pnc-PD were inhibition assay positive (inhibition index, >= 20). No significant rise in anti-PD IgG antibodies or enzyme inhibition among control vaccinees (n = 24) receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine was detected. A modest correlation (r(s), similar to 0.66) between anti-PD IgG concentration and enzyme inhibition was detected; however, their kinetics were clearly different. These data suggest that measurement of antibody responses that inhibit PD's enzymatic activity could be a useful tool for assessing Pnc-PD vaccine-induced protective immunity against NTHI.://000259293100021wToropainen, Maija Raitolehto, Anna Henckaerts, Isabelle Wauters, Dominique Poolman, Jan Lestrate, Pascal Kayhty, Helena 0019-9567ISI:0002592931000213.99610. |?Koivunen, R. Pouta, A. Franks, S. Martikainen, H. Sovio, U. Hartikainen, A. L. McCarthy, M. I. Ruokonen, A. Bloigu, A. Jarvelin, M. R. Morin-Papunen, L.2008Fecundability and spontaneous abortions in women with self-reported oligo-amenorrhea and/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study 2134-2139Human Reproduction239ArticleSep:BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from anovulatory infertility and hospital-based studies suggest that they have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Our aim was to investigate the proportion of women, with self-reported oligo-amenorrhea and/or hirsutism in a general population, who had suffered from infertility, the percentage of them managing to conceive and their rate of spontaneous abortion. METHODS: At age 31, a postal questionnaire including questions about hirsutism and oligo-amenorrhea was sent to all women from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (total n = 5889). Of these, 4535 (79.5 %) answered the questionnaire, 1103 reported hirsutism and/or oligo/amenorrhea (symptomatic women) and 3420 were non-symptomatic. The fecundability ratio (FR) was defined as the probability of conception of a clinically detectable pregnancy within 12 months. RESULTS: The overall pregnancy (77.7% versus 75.6%) and spontaneous abortion (19.3% versus 18.6%) rates did not differ between the two groups and the risk of spontaneous abortion was not associated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or waist circumference. Symptomatic women had suffered more often from infertility than non-symptomatic women (19.4 % versus 11.1 %, P < 0.01). Oligo-amenorrhea and/or hirsutism (FR = 0.74, P < 0.001) and obesity (FR = 0.68, P = 0.002) were both independently associated with decreased fecundability, but symptomatic women had become pregnant and had one or two successful deliveries as often as non-symptomatic women. CONCLUSIONS: Women with self-reported oligo-amenorrhea and/or hirsutism had lower fecundability and suffered more often from infertility, but had at least one delivery as often as non-symptomatic women, and did not exhibit an increased risk of spontaneous abortion.://000259144600024Koivunen, R. Pouta, A. Franks, S. Martikainen, H. Sovio, U. Hartikainen, A-L. McCarthy, M. I. Ruokonen, A. Bloigu, A. Jarvelin, M-R. Morin-Papunen, L. 0268-1161ISI:0002591446000243.54310.|?Pekkanen, J. Sunyer, J.2008HProblems in using incidence to analyze risk factors in follow-up studies581-584 European Journal of Epidemiology239ArticleSepwThe most common practice to analyze epidemiological follow-up studies is to analyze risk factors of new, i.e. incident, cases of disease. However, analysis of incidence assumes that diseases exist in true dichotomies, which is unlikely to be true. It has also recently been shown that in many typical situations it is very difficult to separate the association between risk factors of disease at baseline and during follow-up using analyses of incidence. Situation is especially problematic for diseases that have large misclassification and low incidence, like asthma. We suggest that reliance on analysis of incidence may be a major obstacle into discovering causes of such disease. Only with greater attention into how to define and how to analyze prospective studies are we likely to learn sufficiently of risk factors of such disease to finally arrive at means for their prevention.://000259141800001Pekkanen, J. Sunyer, J. 0393-2990ISI:0002591418000011.72710.1007/s |? YAittomaki, S. Holtta, V. Salo, H. M. Paimela, L. Halme, L. Leirisalo-Repo, M. Vaarala, O.2008_Interleukin 17 activation in small intestine in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis727-727&Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology264Meeting AbstractJul-Aug://000259275600093YAittomaki, S. Holtta, V. Salo, H. M. Paimela, L. Halme, L. Leirisalo-Repo, M. Vaarala, O. 0392-856XISI:0002592\|? cPortegijs, E. Kallinen, M. Rantanen, T. Heinonen, A. Sihvonen, S. Alen, M. Kiviranta, I. Sipila, S.2008_Effects of resistance training on lower-extremity impairments in older people with hip fracture 1667-16740Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation899ArticleSepObjective: To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, and balance. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Research laboratory and senior gym. Participants: Population-based sample of eligible 60- to 85-year-old community-dwelling men and women 0.5 to 7.0 years after hip fracture. Forty-six people had no contraindications and were willing to participate in the exercise trial. Intervention: Twelve-week intensive progressive strength-power training (n=24), aiming to reduce asymmetric deficit in leg Muscle strength and power, or no intervention (n=22). Main Outcome Measures: Isometric knee extension torque (KET) and leg extension power (LEP) measured in the weaker and stronger leg and the asymmetric deficit ([weak/sum both legs] X 100%), 10-m walking speed, dynamic balance test, and self-reported outdoor mobility. Results: KET increased in both legs (P<.021), LEP tended to increase in the weaker leg (P=.071), and asymmetric LEP deficit decreased (P=.010) after training compared with the control group. LEP of the stronger leg, asymmetric KET deficit, walking speed, and balance performance were not significantly affected by training. Self-reported ability to walk Outdoors improved after training. The compliance to the training was over 90%, and few adverse events (n=4; mainly musculoskeletal) were likely to be caused by the training. Conclusions: Intensive resistance training is feasible for people with a hip fracture and improved Muscle strength and power. More intensive training especially for the weaker leg may be needed to obtain more marked effects on asymmetric deficit, mobility, and balance. Also, the timing and duration of training program should be considered.://000259057300005|Portegijs, Erja Kallinen, Mauri Rantanen, Taina Heinonen, Ari Sihvonen, Sanna Alen, Markku Kiviranta, Ilkka Sipila, Sarianna 0003-9993ISI:0002590573000051.81410.1016/j.|? ^Laiyemo, A. Kamangar, F. Marcus, P. Taylor, P. Virtamo, J. Albanes, D. Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.2008uSerum pepsinogen level, atrophic gastritis and the risk of incident pancreatic cancer - a long-term prospective studyS77-S77$American Journal of Gastroenterology103Meeting AbstractSep://000259145200200Laiyemo, Adeyinka Kamangar, Farin Marcus, Pamela Taylor, Philip Virtamo, Jarmo Albanes, Demetrius Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Suppl. S 0002-9270ISI:0002591|? ^Laiyemo, A. Kamangar, F. Marcus, P. Taylor, P. Virtamo, J. Albanes, D. Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.2008uSerum pepsinogen level, atrophic gastritis and the risk of incident colorectal cancer - a long-term prospective study S544-S545$American Journal of Gastroenterology103Meeting AbstractSep://000259145201378Laiyemo, Adeyinka Kamangar, Farin Marcus, Pamela Taylor, Philip Virtamo, Jarmo Albanes, Demetrius Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Suppl. S 0002-9270ISI:00025 |? }Valli-Jaakola, K. Suviolahti, E. Schalin-Jantti, C. Ripatti, S. Silander, K. Oksanen, L. Salomaa, V. Peltonen, L. Kontula, K.2008[Further evidence for the role of ENPP1 in obesity: Association with morbid obesity in Finns 2113-2119Obesity169ArticleSepThe aim of this study was to investigate a series of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R, POMC, and ENPP1 for association with obesity. Twenty-five SNPs (2-7 SNPs/gene) were genotyped in 246 Finns with extreme obesity (BMI >= 40 kg/m(2)) and in 481 lean subjects (BMI 20-25 kg/m(2)). Of the obese subjects, 23% had concomitant type 2 diabetes. SNPs and SNP haplotypes were tested for association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Allele frequencies differed between obese and lean subjects for two SNPs in the ENPP1 gene, rs1800949 (P = 0.006) and rs943003 (P = 0.0009). These SNPs are part of a haplotype (rs1800949 C-rs943003 A), which was observed more frequently in lean subjects compared to obese subjects (P = 0.0007). Weaker associations were detected between the SNPs rs1541276 in the MC5R, rs1926065 in the MC3R genes and obesity (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively), and between SNPs rs2236700 in the MC5R, rs2118404 in the POMC, rs943003 in the ENPP1 genes and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.03, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively); these associations did not, however, remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, a previously unexplored ENPP1 haplotype composed of SNPs rs1800949 and rs943003 showed suggestive evidence for association with adult-onset morbid obesity in Finns. In this study, we did not find association between the frequently studied ENPP1 K121Q variant, nor SNPs in the MCR or POMC genes and obesity or type 2 diabetes.://000258996000017Valli-Jaakola, Kaisa Suviolahti, Elina Schalin-Jantti, Camilla Ripatti, Samuli Silander, Kaisa Oksanen, Laura Salomaa, Veikko Peltonen, Leena Kontula, Kimmo 1930-7381ISI:0002589960000171.52010.10 |?Castaneda, A. E. Suvisaari, J. Marttunen, M. Perala, J. Saarni, S. I. Aalto-Setala, T. Aro, H. Koskinen, S. Lonnqvist, J. Tuuio-Henriksson, A.2008Cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with a history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders without psychiatric comorbidity36-45Journal of Affective Disorders1101-2ArticleSep_Background: There is evidence for cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression among middle-aged and elderly patients, but cognitive functioning among depressed young adults has scarcely been systematically investigated. The aims of the present study were to examine cognitive functioning among depressed Young adults identified from the general population and to determine whether cognitive deficits vary as a function of different disorder characteristics, such as severity and age at onset. Methods: Performance in verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory and learning, attention, processing speed, and executive functioning was compared between a population-based sample of 21-35-year-olds with a lifetime history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders without psychiatric comorbidity (n = 68) and healthy controls derived from the same population (n = 70). Results: Depressed young adults were not found to be impaired in any of the assessed cognitive functions, except for some suggestion of mildly compromised verbal learning. Nevertheless, younger age at depression onset was associated with more impaired executive functioning. Limitations: The results may slightly underestimate of the true association between depression and cognitive impairments in the young adult population due to possible dropout of participants. Additionally, the problem of multiple testing was not entirely corrected. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that a lifetime history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders among young adults without psychiatric comorbidity may be associated only with minimal cognitive deficits, even when some residual depressive symptoms are prevalent. However, early-onset depression may represent a more severe form of the disorder, associated with more cognitive dysfunction, (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000258850600004Castaneda, A. E. Suvisaari, J. Marttunen, M. Perala, J. Saarni, S. I. Aalto-Setala, T. Aro, H. Koskinen, S. Lonnqvist, J. Tuuio-Henriksson, A. 0165-0327ISI:0002588506000043.14410.1016/ \ K|?qSihvo, S. Isometsa, E. Kiviruusu, O. Hamalainen, J. Suvisaari, J. Perala, J. Pirkola, S. Saarni, S. Lonnqvist, J.2008Antidepressant utilisation patterns and determinants of short-term and non-psychiatric use in the Finnish general adult population94-105Journal of Affective Disorders1101-2ArticleSepBackground: The aim was to study utilisation patterns and determinants of antidepressant use in the general population >30 years, especially short-term use or use not related to known psychiatric morbidity. Methods; Participants from a cross-sectional population-based Finnish Health 2000 Study (2000-2001) were linked with the National Prescription Register and National Care Register for Health Care. Within a representative sample (N = 7112) of the adult population (>30 years), 12-month DSM-IV depressive, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders were assessed with the M-CIDI. Utilisation patterns of antidepressants were categorised to short-term, intermittent and continuous use. Factors predicting short-term use or use not related to known psychiatric morbidity were investigated. Results: Of Finnish adults 7.1% had used antidepressants in 2000, of which two-thirds reported a physician-diagnosed mental disorder; a third (35%) had major depressive or anxiety disorder during the previous 12 months. In terms of utilisation pattern, 43% were long-term users, 32% intermittent users and 26% short-term users. Short-term use was related to care by a general practitioner and having no known mental disorder. A quarter of all users had no known psychiatric morbidity. This type of user was most common among the older age groups, and inversely related to being single, on disability pension and using mental health services. Limitations: Not all psychiatric indications for antidepressant use could be explored. Conclusions: Depression remains the main indication for antidepressant use. About a quarter of users had no known psychiatric indication and the indication remained unclear. Short-term and non-psychiatric use are more commonly prescribed for the elderly. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000258850600011Sihvo, Sinikka Isometsa, Erkki Kiviruusu, Olli Hamalainen, Juha Suvisaari, Jaana Perala, Jonna Pirkola, Sami Saarni, Samuli Lonnqvist, Jouko 0165-0327ISI:0002588506000113.14410.1016/\|?|Beldi, G. Wu, Y. Banz, Y. Nowak, M. Miller, L. Enjyoji, K. Haschemi, A. Yegutkin, G. G. Candinas, D. Exley, M. Robson, S. C.2008eNatural killer T cell dysfunction in CD39-null mice protects against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis841-852 Hepatology483ArticleSepConcanavalin A (Con A)-induced injury is an established natural killer T (NKT) cell-mediated model of inflammation that has been used in studies of immune liver disease. Extracellular nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate, are released by Con A-stimulated cells and bind to specific purinergic type 2 receptors to modulate immune activation responses. Levels of extra-cellular nucleotides are in turn closely regulated by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39/NTPDase1. Effects of extracellular nucleotides and CD39 on NKT cell activation and upon hepatic inflammation have been largely unexplored to date. Here, we show that NKT cells express both CD39 and CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase and can therefore generate adenosine from extracellular nucleotides, whereas natural killer cells do not express CD73. In vivo, mice null for CD39 are protected from Con A-induced liver injury and show substantively lower serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma when compared with matched wild-type mice. Numbers of hepatic NKT cells are significantly decreased in CD39 null mice after Con A administration. Hepatic NKT cells express most P2X and P2Y receptors; exceptions include P2X3 and P2Y11. Heightened levels of apoptosis of CD39 null NKT cells in vivo and in vitro appear to be driven by unimpeded activation of the P2X7 receptor. Conclusion: CD39 and CD73 are novel phenotypic markers of NKT cells. Deletion of CD39 modulates nucleotide-mediated cytokine production by, and limits apoptosis of, hepatic NKT cells providing protection against Con A-induced hepatitis. This study illustrates a further role for purinergic signaling in NKT-mediated mechanisms that result in liver immune injury.://000258942100017Beldi, Guido Wu, Yan Banz, Yara Nowak, Michael Miller, Lindsay Enjyoji, Keiichi Haschemi, Arvand Yegutkin, Gennady G. Candinas, Daniel Exley, Mark Robson, Simon C. 0270-9139ISI:00025894210001710.734N?|?\Uusi-Rauva, K. Luiro, K. Tanhuanpaa, K. Kopra, O. Martin-Vasallo, P. Kyttala, A. Jalanko, A.2008hNovel interactions of CLN3 protein link Batten disease to dysregulation of fodrin-Na+, K+ ATPase complex 2895-2905Experimental Cell Research31415ArticleSepOjuvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, Batten disease) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. CLN3, the transmembrane protein underlying JNCL, is proposed to participate in multiple cellular events including membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal functions. We demonstrate here that CLN3 interacts with the plasma membrane-associated cytoskeletal and endocytic fodrin and the associated Na+, K+ ATPase. The ion pumping activity of Na+, K+ ATPase was unchanged in Cln3(-/-) mouse primary neurons. However, the immunostaining pattern of fodrin appeared abnormal in JNCL fibroblasts and Cln3(-/-) mouse brains suggesting disturbances in the fodrin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the basal subcellular distribution as well as ouabain-induced endocytosis of neuron-specific Na+, K+ ATPase were remarkably affected in Cln3(-/-) mouse primary neurons. These data suggest that CLN3 is involved if the regulation of plasma membrane fodrin cytoskeleton and consequently, the plasma membrane association of Na+, K+ ATPase. Most of the processes regulated by multi functional fodrin and Na+, K+ ATPase are also affected in JNCL and Cln3-deficiency implicating that dysregulation of fodrin cytoskeleton and non-pumping functions of Na+, K+ ATPase may play a role in the neuronal degeneration in JNCL. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.://000259103500015qUusi-Rauva, Kristiina Luiro, Kaisu Tanhuanpaa, Kimmo Kopra, Outi Martin-Vasallo, Pablo Kyttala, Aija Jalanko, Anu 0014-4827ISI:0002591035000153.69510.1016/j.ye>/|?RMagnusson, P. K. E. Boman, M. de Faire, U. Perola, M. Peltonen, L. Pedersen, N. L.2008Genome-wide search for QTLs for apolipoprotein A-I level in elderly Swedish DZ twins: evidence of female-specific locus on 15q11-13 1103-1110"European Journal of Human Genetics169ArticleSep;The effect of genetic variants underlying atherosclerosis is thought to be mediated through intermediate phenotypes such as serum cholesterol levels. Localization of quantitative trait loci influencing levels of serum lipids and (apo) lipoproteins may aid in the search for determinants of susceptibility to atherosclerotic diseases. Since apolipoprotein A-I is the primary protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein, it is considered to be critical for the antiatherogenic effect of high-density lipoproteins. We describe here an effort to map loci influencing apolipoprotein A-I levels. Measurements of apolipoprotein A-I levels and genome scans with more than 1000 microsatellite markers were successfully performed in both members of 501 pairs of fraternal twins from Sweden. Variance component linkage analysis was undertaken to map quantitative trait loci. In the total study sample, two loci showed comparable suggestive evidence of linkage, 6p21-12 (LOD 2.4) and 12q23 (LOD 2.4). Sex-limited analyses revealed significant female-specific linkage at marker D15S156 on 15q11-13 (LOD 4.1). The loci on 12q and 15q in the present study confirm previously reported loci for apolipoprotein A-I, while the peak on chromosome 6p lends further support to a locus influencing several phenotypes related to atherosclerosis. Intriguingly, the presence of genes belonging to the phospholipase A2 superfamily under three out of four observed linkage peaks would lend some support to the view that this group of genes might collectively represent candidates as apolipoprotein A-I level regulators.://000258929800012eMagnusson, Patrik K. E. Boman, Marcus de Faire, Ulf Perola, Markus Peltonen, Leena Pedersen, Nancy L. 1018-4813ISI:0002589298000124.00310.10|?Lundmark, P. E. Liljedahl, U. Boomsma, D. I. Mannila, H. Martin, N. G. Palotie, A. Peltonen, L. Perola, M. Spector, T. D. Syvanen, A. C.2008@Evaluation of HapMap data in six populations of European descent 1142-1150"European Journal of Human Genetics169ArticleSepyWe studied how well the European CEU samples used in the Haplotype Mapping Project (HapMap) represent five European populations by analyzing nuclear family samples from the Swedish, Finnish, Dutch, British and Australian (European ancestry) populations. The number of samples from each population (about 30 parent-offspring trios) was similar to that in the HapMap sample sets. A panel of 186 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed over the 1.5 Mb region of the GRID2 gene on chromosome 4 was genotyped. The genotype data were compared pair-wise between the HapMap sample and the other population samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to cluster the data from different populations with respect to allele frequencies and to define the markers responsible for observed variance. The only sample with detectable differences in allele frequencies was that from Kuusamo, Finland. This sample also separated from the others, including the other Finnish sample, in the PCA analysis. A set of tagSNPs was defined based on the HapMap data and applied to the samples. The tagSNPs were found to capture the genetic variation in the analyzed region at r(2) = 40.8 at levels ranging from 95% in the Kuusamo sample to 87% in the Australian sample. To capture the maximal genetic variation in the region, the Kuusamo, HapMap and Australian samples required 58, 63 and 73 native tagSNPs, respectively. The HapMap CEU sample represents the European samples well for tagSNP selection, with some caution regarding estimation of allele frequencies in the Finnish Kuusamo sample, and a slight reduction in tagging efficiency in the Australian sample.://000258929800017Lundmark, Per E. Liljedahl, Ulrika Boomsma, Dorret I. Mannila, Heikki Martin, Nicholas G. Palotie, Aarno Peltonen, Leena Perola, Markus Spector, Tim D. Syvanen, Ann-Christine 1018-4813ISI:0002589298000174.00310.K;0|?@Simell, B. Lahdenkari, M. Reunanen, A. Kayhty, H. Vakevainen, M.2008Effects of ageing and gender on naturally acquired antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and virulence-associated proteins 1391-1397Clinical and Vaccine Immunology159ArticleSepmElderly individuals are susceptible to pneumococcal infections. Although factors contributing to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to bacterial infections may be several, compromised immune function, a consequence of normal human ageing, is widely accepted to play a role. We evaluated the effect of ageing on the concentrations of naturally acquired antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PPS) and protein antigens. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to the PPS of serotypes 3, 4, 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F and IgG antibodies to the pneumococcal virulence-associated proteins CbpA, LytC, PhtD and its C-terminal fragment (PhtD C), NanA, PspA fam1, and PspA fam2 were measured by enzyme immunoassay in the sera of younger (30 to 64 years of age) and elderly (65 to 97 years of age) adults. The concentrations of anti-PPS IgG against serotypes 3 and 6B, of anti-PPS IgM against serotypes 3, 4, 6B, 9V, and 23F, and of anti-protein IgG against all tested antigens were significantly lower in the elderly than in younger adults. A stronger decline in anti-PPS antibody concentrations was seen with age in women compared to men, while anti-protein antibody concentrations were mainly similar between the genders. Age, gender, and the nature of the antigen have substantial and varying effects on the antibody concentrations in the sera of adults.://000258952100013PSimell, Birgit Lahdenkari, Mika Reunanen, Antti Kayhty, Helena Vakevainen, Merja 1556-6811ISI:0002589521000131.99510.1|?[Koskela, A. Kauppinen, T. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Sihvola, E. Kaprio, J. Rissanen, A. Ahonen, A.2008kBrain serotonin transporter binding of [I-123]ADAM: Within-subject variation between summer and winter data657-665Chronobiology International255ArticleThe neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) controls several physiological functions, and a disturbance of the 5-HT system is implicated in many psychiatric conditions. Seasonal variation has been suggested in the 5-HT system. We investigated within-subject seasonal variation in brain serotonin transporter (SERT) binding with the SERT-ligand [I-123]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 12 healthy individuals. No systematic variation was found in the midbrain or thalamus areas between scans done in summer and winter. Our results suggest that factors other than season are more important in causing within-subject variation of brain SERT binding between summer and winter.://000259039700001kKoskela, Anu Kauppinen, Tomi Keski-Rahkonen, Anna Sihvola, Elina Kaprio, Jaakko Rissanen, Aila Ahonen, Aapo 0742-0528ISI:0002590397000013.77110.1080/0  |?kKeskitalo, K. Tuorila, H. Spector, T. D. Cherkas, L. F. Knaapila, A. Kaprio, J. Silventoinen, K. Perola, M.2008The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, body mass index, and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods: a twin study of genetic and environmental associations263-271&American Journal of Clinical Nutrition882ArticleAugBackground: The relation between body weight and energy-dense foods remains unclear. Objective: We estimated the effects of genetic and environmental factors on cognitive and emotional aspects of dieting behavior, body mass index (BMI), and responses to fatty foods and on their relations. Design: A total of 1326 adult twin persons (aged 17-82 y; 17% M and 83% F) from the United Kingdom and Finland completed the revised version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) and reported the liking and use-frequency of 4 sweet-and-fatty and salty-and-fatty food items (6 items in the United Kingdom and 5 items in Finland). Genetic modeling was done by using linear structural equations. Results: Heritability estimates were calculated separately for the countries and sexes; they were 26-63% for cognitive restraint, 45-69% for uncontrolled eating, and 9-45% for emotional eating, respectively. Of the variation in liking and use-frequency of fatty foods, 24-54% was attributed to interindividual genetic differences. No significant correlations were observed between BMI and fatty food use or liking. However, BMI was positively (mostly genetically) correlated (genetic r = 0.16-0.51) with all of the dieting behaviors, and they correlated with fatty food use and liking ratings. Uncontrolled eating was both genetically and environmentally associated with liking for salty-and-fatty foods (genetic and environmental r = 0.16), and emotional eating was genetically associated with liking for sweet-and-fatty foods (genetic r = 0.31). Conclusions: The relation between BMI and diet appears to be mediated through dieting behaviors. Dietary counseling should focus on unhealthy dieting behaviors rather than only on direct advice on food use.://000259055300004Keskitalo, Kaisu Tuorila, Hely Spector, Tim D. Cherkas, Lynn F. Knaapila, Antti Kaprio, Jaakko Silventoinen, Karri Perola, Markus 0002-9165ISI:0002590 @ /|?Uusitalo, L. Kenward, M. G. Virtanen, S. M. Uusitalo, U. Nevalainen, J. Niinisto, S. Kronberg-Kippila, C. Ovaskainen, M. L. Marjamaki, L. Simell, O. Ilonen, J. Veijola, R. Knip, M.2008{Intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the child458-464&American Journal of Clinical Nutrition882ArticleAugBackground: Type 1 diabetes may have its origins in the fetal period of life. Free radicals were implicated in the cause of type 1 diabetes. It was hypothesized that antioxidant nutrients could protect against type 1 diabetes. Objective: We assessed whether high maternal intake of selected dietary antioxidants during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the child, defined as repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies plus >= 1 other antibody, overt type 1 diabetes, or both. Design: The study was carried out as part of the population-based birth cohort of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Project. The data comprised 4297 children with increased genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, born at the University Hospital of Oulu or Tampere, Finland, between October 1997 and December 2002. The children were monitored for diabetes-associated autoantibodies from samples obtained at 3-12-mo intervals. Maternal antioxidant intake during pregnancy was assessed postnatally with a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire, which contained a question about consumption of dietary supplements. Results: Maternal intake of none of the studied antioxidant nutrients showed association with the risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the child. The hazard ratios, indicating the change in risk per a 2-fold increase in the intake of each antioxidant, were nonsignificant and close to 1. Conclusion: High maternal intake of retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, or manganese does not protect the child from development of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in early childhood.://000259055300027Uusitalo, Liisa Kenward, Mike G. Virtanen, Suvi M. Uusitalo, Ulla Nevalainen, Jaakko Niinisto, Sari Kronberg-Kippila, Carina Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena Marjamaki, Liisa Simell, Olli Ilonen, Jorma Veijola, Riitta Knip, Mikael 0002-9165ISI:000259iW|?@Wallden, J. Illonen, J. Roivainen, M. Ludvigsson, J. Vaarala, O.2008VEffect of HLA genotype or CTLA-4 polymorphism on cytokine response in healthy children345-350"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology683ArticleSepType I diabetes (T1D) is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which genetic predisposition is affected by HLA class 11 alleles and polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene. We tested the hypothesis whether these T1D-related gene polymorphisms modulate cytokine response and thus contribute to the development of autoimmunity. The study includes 67 non-diabetic children, typed for HLA class 11 alleles and CTLA-4 polymorphisms (+49A/G, CT60A/G, CTBC217_IC/T). We measured cytokine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Stimulation with tetanus toxoid (TT), polio virus, coxsackie virus 134, pertussis toxin (PT) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We saw higher IL-13 response to TT in individuals with DR3-DQ2 haplotype (P = 0.002). HLA class 11 protective haplotype, DR2-DQ6, showed association with increased production of IFN-gamma (P < 0.001) and IL-2 (P = 0.005) in response to polio virus. In children with the autoimmunity-related homozygous genotypes CTLA-4 +49G/G, CT60G/G and CTBC217_1T/T, we found enhanced PT- and PHA-induced IFN-gamma production (P < 0.05). The cytokine responses to studied antigens were weakly modified by HLA class 11 risk haplotypes, and children with T1D-associated HLA risk haplotypes are not specifically inclined to develop an immune response in general. Higher IFN-gamma and IL-2 response to enterovirus in children with HLA class 11 protective haplotype DR2-DQ6 could be of importance in the protection from T1D-associated enterovirus infections. All autoimmunity related CTLA-4 polymorphisms were associated with enhanced IFN-gamma. This Suggests Impaired downregulation Of cellular immunity by these CTLA-4 polymorphisms.://000258773200011@Wallden, J. Illonen, J. Roivainen, M. Ludvigsson, J. Vaarala, O. 0300-9475ISI:0002587732000111.928 10.1111/j.1365 * |?Volanen, I. Kallio, K. Saarinen, M. Jarvisalo, M. J. Vainionpaa, R. Ronnemaa, T. Viikari, J. Marniemi, J. Simell, O. Raitakari, O. T.2008Arterial intima-media thickness in 13-year-old adolescents and previous antichlamydial antimicrobial use: A retrospective follow-up study E675-E681 Pediatrics1223ArticleSepBACKGROUND. Children with persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may be at increased risk for atherosclerosis. The impact of antimicrobial therapy for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is unsolved. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with antimicrobial agents effective against C pneumoniae during childhood, regardless of indication, has a favorable influence on the arterial wall-thickness in children by the time they reach adolescence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. The association of macrolide, tetracycline, quinolone, and rifamycin use (number of exposure events) between ages 5 and 13 years with carotid and aortic intima-media thickness at age 13 years was investigated among 508 healthy children. Information about the use of medications was obtained from the Finnish prescription register. Arterial intima-media thickness was measured with a high-resolution ultrasound. RESULTS. Mean aortic intima-media thickness showed a significant direct association with the number of antichlamydial antimicrobial exposure events also after controlling for established atherosclerotic risk factors. Elevated C-reactive protein level had an additional effect on aortic intima-media thickness in a multivariable model. Carotid intima-media thickness was not associated with the number of preceding antichlamydial treatments. CONCLUSIONS. Recurrent antichlamydial treatments in childhood have no favorable influence on early vascular changes but are associated with increased intima-media thickness in the abdominal aorta. These findings suggest that the use of antimicrobial agents does not offer protection against the potential atherogenicity of repeated infectious insults.://000258822600073Volanen, Iina Kallio, Katariina Saarinen, Maiju Jarvisalo, Mikko J. Vainionpaa, Raija Ronnemaa, Tapani Viikari, Jorma Marniemi, Jukka Simell, Olli Raitakari, Olli T. 0031-4005ISI:0002588226000734.47310.1542|?.Kaaro, J. Partonen, T. Naik, P. Hadjikhani, N.2008$Is migraine a lateralization defect? 1351-1353 Neuroreport1913ArticleAugMigraine often co-occurs with patent foramen ovale (PFO), and some people have suggested surgical closure as an efficient treatment for migraine. Prospective studies, however, do not report radical effect of PFO surgery on migraine. Here, we examined the hypothesis that PFO and migraine may cooccur as two independent manifestations of lateralization defect during embryonic development. We measured the absolute displacement of a midline structure, the pineal gland, on brain scans of 39 migraineurs and 26 controls. We found a significant asymmetry of the pineal gland in migraineurs compared with controls. Our data suggest that migraine's circadian component and its association with PFO may be linked to a lateralization defect during embryogenesis, which could be a result from abnormal serotonin regulation. NeuroReport 19:1351-1353 (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.://000258767700021=Kaaro, Jani Partonen, Timo Naik, Paulami Hadjikhani, Nouchine 0959-4965ISI:0002587677000212.16310.1097/WNwg\|? Ahn, J. Berndt, S. I. Wacholder, S. Kraft, P. Kibel, A. S. Yeager, M. Albanes, D. Giovannucci, E. Stampfer, M. J. Virtamo, J. Thun, M. J. Feigelson, H. S. Cancel-Tassin, G. Cussenot, O. Thomas, G. Hunter, D. J. Fraumeni, J. F. Hoover, R. N. Chanock, S. J. Hayes, R. B.2008MVariation in KLK genes, prostate-specific antigen and risk of prostate cancer 1032-1034Nature Genetics409LetterSep://000258761200002lAhn, Jiyoung Berndt, Sonja I. Wacholder, Sholom Kraft, Peter Kibel, Adam S. Yeager, Meredith Albanes, Demetrius Giovannucci, Edward Stampfer, Meir J. Virtamo, Jarmo Thun, Michael J. Feigelson, Heather Spencer Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine Cussenot, Olivier Thomas, Gilles Hunter, David J. Fraumeni, Joseph F., Jr. Hoover, Robert N. Chanock, Stephen J. Hayes, Richard B. 1061-4036ISI:00025876120000225.55610.l[8|?Stefansson, H. Rujescu, D. Cichon, S. Pietilainen, O. P. H. Ingason, A. Steinberg, S. Fossdal, R. Sigurdsson, E. Sigmundsson, T. Buizer-Voskamp, J. E. Hansen, T. Jakobsen, K. D. Muglia, P. Francks, C. Matthews, P. M. Gylfason, A. Halldorsson, B. V. Gudbjartsson, D. Thorgeirsson, T. E. Sigurdsson, A. Jonasdottir, A. Bjornsson, A. Mattiasdottir, S. Blondal, T. Haraldsson, M. Magnusdottir, B. B. Giegling, I. Moller, H. J. Hartmann, A. Shianna, K. V. Ge, D. L. Need, A. C. Crombie, C. Fraser, G. Walker, N. Lonnqvist, J. Suvisaari, J. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Paunio, T. Toulopoulou, T. Bramon, E. Di Forti, M. Murray, R. Ruggeri, M. Vassos, E. Tosato, S. Walshe, M. Li, T. Vasilescu, C. Muhleisen, T. W. Wang, A. G. Ullum, H. Djurovic, S. Melle, I. Olesen, J. Kiemeney, L. A. Franke, B. Sabatti, C. Freimer, N. B. Gulcher, J. R. Thorsteinsdottir, U. Kong, A. Andreassen, O. A. Ophoff, R. A. Georgi, A. Rietschel, M. Werge, T. Petursson, H. Goldstein, D. B. Nothen, M. M. Peltonen, L. Collier, D. A. St Clair, D. Stefansson, K.2008<Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia232-U61Nature4557210ArticleSep4Reduced fecundity, associated with severe mental disorders(1), places negative selection pressure on risk alleles and may explain, in part, why common variants have not been found that confer risk of disorders such as autism(2), schizophrenia(3) and mental retardation(4). Thus, rare variants may account for a larger fraction of the overall genetic risk than previously assumed. In contrast to rare single nucleotide mutations, rare copy number variations ( CNVs) can be detected using genome- wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. This has led to the identification of CNVs associated with mental retardation(4,5) and autism(2). In a genome- wide search for CNVs associating with schizophrenia, we used a population-based sample to identify de novo CNVs by analysing 9,878 transmissions from parents to offspring. The 66 de novo CNVs identified were tested for association in a sample of 1,433 schizophrenia cases and 33,250 controls. Three deletions at 1q21.1, 15q11.2 and 15q13.3 showing nominal association with schizophrenia in the first sample ( phase I) were followed up in a second sample of 3,285 cases and 7,951 controls ( phase II). All three deletions significantly associate with schizophrenia and related psychoses in the combined sample. The identification of these rare, recurrent risk variants, having occurred independently in multiple founders and being subject to negative selection, is important in itself. CNV analysis may also point the way to the identification of additional and more prevalent risk variants in genes and pathways involved in schizophrenia.://000259090800049MStefansson, Hreinn Rujescu, Dan Cichon, Sven Pietilainen, Olli P. H. Ingason, Andres Steinberg, Stacy Fossdal, Ragnheidur Sigurdsson, Engilbert Sigmundsson, Thordur Buizer-Voskamp, Jacobine E. Hansen, Thomas Jakobsen, Klaus D. Muglia, Pierandrea Francks, Clyde Matthews, Paul M. Gylfason, Arnaldur Halldorsson, Bjarni V. Gudbjartsson, Daniel Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. Sigurdsson, Asgeir Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Bjornsson, Asgeir Mattiasdottir, Sigurborg Blondal, Thorarinn Haraldsson, Magnus Magnusdottir, Brynja B. Giegling, Ina Moeller, Hans-Juergen Hartmann, Annette Shianna, Kevin V. Ge, Dongliang Need, Anna C. Crombie, Caroline Fraser, Gillian Walker, Nicholas Lonnqvist, Jouko Suvisaari, Jaana Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamarie Paunio, Tiina Toulopoulou, Timi Bramon, Elvira Di Forti, Marta Murray, Robin Ruggeri, Mirella Vassos, Evangelos Tosato, Sarah Walshe, Muriel Li, Tao Vasilescu, Catalina Muehleisen, Thomas W. Wang, August G. Ullum, Henrik Djurovic, Srdjan Melle, Ingrid Olesen, Jes Kiemeney, Lambertus A. Franke, Barbara Sabatti, Chiara Freimer, Nelson B. Gulcher, Jeffrey R. Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Kong, Augustine Andreassen, Ole A. Ophoff, Roel A. Georgi, Alexander Rietschel, Marcella Werge, Thomas Petursson, Hannes Goldstein, David B. Noethen, Markus M. Peltonen, Leena Collier, David A. St Clair, David Stefansson, Kari 0028-0836ISI:00025909080004928.75110 |?Jacquemin, B. Antoniades, C. Nyberg, F. Plana, E. Muuller, M. Greven, S. Salomaa, V. Sunyer, J. Bellander, T. Chalamandaris, A. G. Pistelli, R. Koenig, W. Peters, A.2008Common genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chains affect fibrinogen levels and the response to proinflammatory stimulation in myocardial infarction survivors941-952-Journal of the American College of Cardiology5211ArticleSepeObjectives This study was designed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the fibrinogen gene-cluster (fibrinogen chains alpha [FGA], beta [FGB], and gamma [FGG]) could explain the inter and intraindividual variability of fibrinogen levels in patients with atherosclerosis. We also searched for genetic determinants affecting the responses of fibrinogen genes to proinflammatory stimulation. Background The mechanisms regulating fibrinogen levels are not fully understood, and they are likely to be regulated by complex gene-environment interactions. Methods In the AIRGENE study, 895 survivors of myocardial infarction from 5 European cities were followed prospectively for 6 to 8 months, and plasma fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein levels were determined monthly. We analyzed 21 SNPs and the corresponding haplotypes in the 3 fibrinogen genes. Results Eight SNPs in FGA and FGB were significantly associated with fibrinogen levels. Similarly, 2 different haplotypes in FGA and 3 in FGB were also associated with mean fibrinogen levels. The IL-6 levels had a significant impact on the associations between SNPs/haplotypes in FGA/FGB and fibrinogen levels. We also identified SNPs and haplotypes in FGA and FGB with strong impact on the intraindividual variability of fibrinogen during the follow-up period. Conclusions We identified common SNPs and haplotypes on FGA/FGB genes, explaining the interindividual and intraindividual variability of fibrinogen levels, in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. We have also identified for the first time, SNPs/haplotypes on FGA/FGB whose effects on fibrinogen expression are modified by the underlying IL-6 levels. These findings may have an impact on risk stratification and the design of genetically guided therapeutic approaches in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.://000258911700011Jacquemin, Benedicte Antoniades, Charalambos Nyberg, Fredrik Plana, Estel Mueller, Martina Greven, Sonja Salomaa, Veikko Sunyer, Jordi Bellander, Tom Chalamandaris, Alexandros-Georgios Pistelli, Ricardo Koenig, Wolfgang Peters, Annette 0735-1097ISI:00025891170001111.05410.1016{`|?Erola, J. Vakkari, P.2008gHow a general and a specific thesaurus cover expressions in patients' questions and physicians' answers131-142Journal of Documentation641Article7Purpose - This paper sets out to examine the degree to which General Finnish Thesaurus (GFT) and FinMeSh cover various semantic expressions of medical concepts in patients' questions and physicians' answers concerning cardiovascular diseases. The former represents arty persons' information needs. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 60 question-answer pairs were collected in a medical web site. Concepts and their expressions (terms) with their semantic relations were identified in questions and answers. Findings - FinMeSh covered 65 per cent and GFT 41 per cent of all medical terms in texts. The expressions of patients and physicians matched better with FinMeSh than GFT regardless of the type of expression. The difference in favour of FinMeSh was typically about 25 per cent-units. Originality/value - The low fit With users' vocabularies makes GFT a poor tool for supporting searching, whereas the relatively high fit of FinMeSH suggests that it is a reasonable tool in assisting searching. Conclusions concerning the bridging of these two thesauri sire discussed.://000258733400007Erola, Johanna Vakkari, Pertti 0022-0418ISI:0002587334000071.30910.1108 {|?Kroneman, A. Verhoef, L. Harris, J. Vennema, H. Duizer, E. van Duynhoven, Y. Gray, J. Iturriza, M. Bottiger, B. Falkenhorst, G. Johnsen, C. von Bonsdorff, C. H. Maunula, L. Kuusi, M. Pothier, P. Gallay, A. Schreier, E. Hohne, M. Koch, J. Szucs, G. Reuter, G. Krisztalovics, K. Lynch, M. McKeown, P. Foley, B. Coughlan, S. Ruggeri, F. M. Di Bartolo, I. Vainio, K. Isakbaeva, E. Poljsak-Prijatelj, M. Grom, A. H. Mijovski, J. Z. Bosch, A. Buesa, J. Fauquier, A. S. Hernandez-Pezzi, G. Hedlund, K. O. Koopmans, M.2008Analysis of integrated virological and epidemiological reports of norovirus outbreaks collected within the Foodborne Viruses in Europe Network from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2006 2959-2965 Journal of Clinical Microbiology469ArticleSepThe Foodborne Viruses in Europe network has developed integrated epidemiological and virological outbreak reporting with aggregation and sharing of data through a joint database. We analyzed data from reported outbreaks of norovirus (NoV)-caused gastroenteritis from 13 European countries (July 2001 to July 2006) for trends in time and indications of different epidemiology of genotypes and variants. Of the 13 countries participating in this surveillance network, 11 were capable of collecting integrated epidemiological and virological surveillance data and 10 countries reported outbreaks throughout the entire period. Large differences in the numbers and rates of reported outbreaks per country were observed, reflecting the differences in the focus and coverage of national surveillance systems. GII.4 strains predominated throughout the 5-year surveillance period, but the proportion of outbreaks associated with GII.4 rose remarkably during years in which NoV activity was particularly high. Spring and summer peaks indicated the emergence of genetically distinct variants within GII.4 across Europe and were followed by increased NoV activity during the 2002 - 2003 and 2004 - 2005 winter seasons. GII.4 viruses predominated in health care settings and in person-to-person transmission. The consecutive emergence of new GII.4 variants is highly indicative of immune-driven selection. Their predominance in health care settings suggests properties that facilitate transmission in settings with a high concentration of people such as higher virus loads in excreta or a higher incidence of vomiting. Understanding the mechanisms driving the changes in epidemiology and clinical impact of these rapidly evolving RNA viruses is essential to design effective intervention and prevention measures.://000258912900023Kroneman, A. Verhoef, L. Harris, J. Vennema, H. Duizer, E. van Duynhoven, Y. Gray, J. Iturriza, M. Boettiger, B. Falkenhorst, G. Johnsen, C. von Bonsdorff, C. -H. Maunula, L. Kuusi, M. Pothier, P. Gallay, A. Schreier, E. Hohne, M. Koch, J. Szucs, G. Reuter, G. Krisztalovics, K. Lynch, M. McKeown, P. Foley, B. Coughlan, S. Ruggeri, F. M. Di Bartolo, I. Vainio, K. Isakbaeva, E. Poljsak-Prijatelj, M. Grom, A. Hocevar Mijovski, J. Zimsek Bosch, A. Buesa, J. Fauquier, A. Sanchez Hernandez-Pezzi, G. Hedlund, K. -O. Koopmans, M. 0095-1137ISI:0002589129000233.70810.11k|? nKallio, K. A. E. Buhlin, K. Jauhiainen, M. Keva, R. Tuomainen, A. M. Klinge, B. Gustafsson, A. Pussinen, P. J.2008YLipopolysaccharide associates with pro-atherogenic lipoproteins in periodontitis patients247-253Innate Immunity144ArticleAugnIntroduction: Periodontitis patients are known to Suffer from endotoxemia. which may he among, the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. In health. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is mainly carried with high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Shift of LPS toward lipoproteins with lower densities may result ill less effective endotoxin scavenging Our was to determine plasma LPS activity and lipoprotein-distribution before and after treatment in periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods: Very low and intermediate density (VLDL-IDL), low density (LDL), HDL2, HDL3, and lipoprotein-deficient plasma (LPDP) were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Patients included 34 subjects aged 53.5 +/- 8.3 years, before and 6 months after periodontal treatment. Results: The mean LPS distribution decreased among lipoprotein classes as follows: VLDL-IDL 41.3 +/- 12.1 %, LPDP 25.0 +/- 7.0%. HDL3 13.1 +/- 5.2% LDL 11.5 +/- 3.7%. and HDL2 9.2 +/- 2.8%. Plasma and VLDL-IDL-associated LPS correlated positively. and LDL- and HDL-associated LPS negatively with clinical periodontal parameters and plasma cytokine concentrations. Mean plasma LPS activity increased after periodontal treatment from 44.0 +/- 17.0 to 55.7 +/- 24.2 EU/ml (P = 0.006). No significant changes were found in LPS lipoprotein distribution and lipoprotein compositions after the treatment. Conclusions: Endotoxemia increases with severity of periodontitis. In periodontitis, LPS associates preferentially with the pro-atherogenic VLDL-IDL fraction. Periodontal treatment has only minor effects oil plasma LPS activity or distribution. which reflects persistence of the disease.://000258854800005Kallio, K. A. Elisa Buhlin, Kare Jauhiainen, Matti Keva, Ritva Tuomainen, Anita M. Klinge, Bjorn Gustafsson, Aders Pussinen, Pirkko J. 1753-4259ISI:00025885480000510.1177/1753425908095130bF|?!@Grimaldi, S. Partonen, T. Saarni, S. I. Aromaa, A. Lonnqvist, J.2008uIndoors illumination and seasonal changes in mood and behavior are associated with the health-related quality of life#Health and Quality of Life Outcomes6ArticleAugObjective: Seasonal changes in mood and behavior are common in a general population, being of relevance to public health. We wanted to analyze whether the HRQoL is associated with the seasonal changes in mood and behavior. Because the shortage of exposure to daylight or artificial bright light has been linked to the occurrence of the seasonal changes, we wanted to know whether illumination indoors contributes to the HRQoL. Methods: Of the sample of 7979 individuals, being representative of the Finnish general population aged 30 and over, 88% were interviewed face to face, and 84% participated in the health status examination after which the self-report assessment of the HRQoL and the seasonal changes in mood and behavior took place. The illumination levels experienced indoors were asked during the interview and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was filled in before the health examination. Results: The HRQoL was influenced by both the seasonal changes in mood and behavior (P<0.001) and the illumination experienced indoors ( P < 0.001). Greater seasonal changes ( P < 0.001) and poor illumination indoors ( P = 0.0035) were associated with more severe mental ill-being. Conclusion: The routinely emerging seasonal changes in mood and behavior are associated with the HRQoL and mental well-being. Better illumination indoors might alleviate the season-bound symptoms and thereby enhance the HRQoL and mental well-being.://000258872100001OGrimaldi, Sharon Partonen, Timo Saarni, Samuli I. Aromaa, Arpo Lonnqvist, Jouko 1477-7525ISI:00025887210000156 10.1186/1477-7525-6-56RCD|?"@Hatonen, T. Forsblom, S. Kieseppa, T. Lonnqvist, J. Partonen, T.2008TCircadian phenotype in patients with the co-morbid alcohol use and bipolar disorders564-568Alcohol and Alcoholism435ArticleSep-OctAims: Alcohol misuse is associated with bipolar disorder. Abnormalities in the circadian clockwork play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Alcohol intake is likely to affect the circadian phenotype. We aimed at analysing the behavioural trait of the preference to morning or evening hours for the daily activities in bipolar disorder patients with or without the co-morbid alcohol use. Methods: Our nationwide sample of families included patients with bipolar disorder born during 1940-1969 having at least one hospitalization due to bipolar disorder during 1969-1991 and their first-degree relatives. All the 148 participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire whose factor matrix applying for the maximum likelihood principle was calculated for the first time. Results: Patients with the co-morbid alcohol use disorder were more of the morning type as compared with patients with bipolar disorder only. Conclusions: Co-morbid patients preferred more the morning hours for their daily activities, indicative of alcohol consumption having an effect on the circadian clock.://000258859800009RHatonen, Taina Forsblom, Sebastian Kieseppa, Tuula Lonnqvist, Jouko Partonen, Timo 0735-0414ISI:0002588598000092.06110.109 X G|?#Lamagni, T. L. Darenberg, J. Luca-Harari, B. Siljander, T. Efstratiou, A. Henriques-Normark, B. Vuopio-Varkila, J. Bouvet, A. Creti, R. Ekelund, K. Koliou, M. Reinert, R. R. Stathi, A. Strakova, L. Ungureanu, V. Schalen, C. Jasir, A.2008?Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe 2359-2367 Journal of Clinical Microbiology467ArticleJul;The past 2 decades have brought worrying increases in severe Streptococcus pyogenes diseases globally. To investigate and compare the epidemiological patterns of these diseases within Europe, data were collected through a European Union FP-5-funded program (Strep-EURO). Prospective population-based surveillance of severe S. pyogenes infection diagnosed during 2003 and 2004 was undertaken in 11 countries across Europe (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) using a standardized case definition. A total of 5,522 cases were identified across the 11 countries during this period. Rates of reported infection varied, reaching 3/100,000 population in the northern European countries. Seasonal patterns of infection showed remarkable congruence between countries. The risk of infection was highest among the elderly, and rates were higher in males than in females in most countries. Skin lesions/wounds were the most common predisposing factor, reported in 25% of cases; 21% had no predisposing factors reported. Skin and soft tissue were the most common foci of infection, with 32% of patients having cellulitis and 8% necrotizing fasciitis. The overall 7-day case fatality rate was 19%; it was 44% among patients who developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The findings from Strep-EURO confirm a high incidence of severe S. pyogenes disease in Europe. Furthermore, these results have identified targets for public health intervention, as well as raising awareness of severe S. pyogenes disease across Europe.://000258906800032.Lamagni, Theresa L. Darenberg, Jessica Luca-Harari, Bogdan Siljander, Tuula Efstratiou, Androulla Henriques-Normark, Birgitta Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana Bouvet, Anne Creti, Roberta Ekelund, Kim Koliou, Maria Reinert, Ralf Rene Stathi, Angeliki Strakova, Lenka Ungureanu, Vasilica Schalen, Claes Jasir, Aftab 0095-1137ISI:0002589068000323.70810.m[|?$FBlomqvist, S. Paananen, A. Savolainen-Kopra, C. Hovi, T. Roivainen, M.2008NEight years of experience with molecular identification of human enteroviruses 2410-2413 Journal of Clinical Microbiology467ArticleJulWe have successfully typed 1,121 human enterovirus (HEV) isolates during the last 8 years by adapting partial VP1 sequencing to routine identification of HEV isolated from diverse clinical and environmental specimens. The isolates include 48 of the 59 traditional nonpoliovirus HEV serotypes and members of 8 newly discovered types, which would have remained untypeable by neutralization using the conventional crosssectional pools of antisera.://000258906800044VBlomqvist, Soile Paananen, Anja Savolainen-Kopra, Carita Hovi, Tapani Roivainen, Merja 0095-1137ISI:0002589068000443.70810{k|?%sKnekt, P. Laaksonen, M. Mattila, C. Harkanen, T. Marniemi, J. Heliovaara, M. Rissanen, H. Montonen, J. Reunanen, A.2008<Serum vitamin D and subsequent occurrence of type 2 diabetes666-671 Epidemiology195ArticleSepBackground: Low vitamin D status has been suggested as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although the epidermiologic evidence is scarce, 2 recent studies have suggested an association. The present study investigated the relation of serum vitamin D with type 2 diabetes incidence using pooled data from these 2 cohorts. Methods: Two nested case-control Studies, collected by the Finnish Mobile Clinic in 1973-1980, were pooled for analysis. The study Populations consisted of men and women aged 40-74 years and free of diabetes at baseline. During a follow-up period of 22 years, 412 incident type 2 diabetes cases occurred, and 986 controls were selected by individual matching. Serum vitamin D (serum 25(OH)D)was determined from frozen samples, stored at baseline. Pooled estimates of the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and type 2 diabetes incidence were calculated. Results: Men had higher serum vitamin D concentrations than women and showed a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in their highest vitamin D quartile. The relative odds between the highest and lowest quartiles was 0.28 (95%, confidence interval = 0.10-0.811) in men and 1.14 (0.60-2.17) in women after adjustment for smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and education. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that high vitamin D status provides protection against type 2 diabetes. Residual confounding may contribute to this association.://000258712000007Knekt, Paul Laaksonen, Maarit Mattila, Catharina Harkanen, Tommi Marniemi, Jukka Heliovaara, Markku Rissanen, Harri Montonen, Jukka Reunanen, Antti 1044-3983ISI:0002587|?&\Lammi, N. M. Moltchanova, E. V. Blomstedt, P. A. Eriksson, J. G. Tuomilehto, J. Karvonen, M.2008cChildhood BMI trajectories and the risk for type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnosed in young adulthoodS49-S49 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200105eLammi, N. M. Moltchanova, E. V. Blomstedt, P. A. Eriksson, J. G. Tuomilehto, J. Karvonen, M. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:000258|?'Hattersley, A. T. Freathy, R. M. Bennett, A. I. Ring, S. M. Timpson, N. J. Pouta, A. Ruokonen, A. Hypponen, E. Power, C. Elliott, P. Strachan, D. P. Jarvelin, M. R. Smith, G. D. McCarthy, M. I. Frayling, T. M.2008Direct evidence to support the fetal insulin hypothesis as the type 2 diabetes risk alleles at the CDKALI and HHEX-IDE gene loci reduce birth weight S127-S128 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200299Hattersley, A. T. Freathy, R. M. Bennett, A. I. Ring, S. M. Timpson, N. J. Pouta, A. Ruokonen, A. Hypponen, E. Power, C. Elliott, P. Strachan, D. P. Jarvelin, M. -R. Smith, G. Davey McCarthy, M. I. Frayling, T. M. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:00025\K|?(Aarnisalo, J. Honkanen, H. Makela, M. Tauriainen, S. Marttila, J. Veijola, R. Knip, M. Simell, O. Hermann, R. Hyoty, H. Vaarala, O. Ilonen, I.2008Interaction of early cow's milk-based formula exposure and enterovirus infection in infancy in the development of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity S144-S144 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200342Aarnisalo, J. Honkanen, H. Makela, M. Tauriainen, S. Marttila, J. Veijola, R. Knip, M. Simell, O. Hermann, R. Hyoty, H. Vaarala, O. Ilonen, I. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:000258^O,|?)6Moltchanova, E. V. Schreier, N. Lammi, N. Karvonen, M.2008KSeasonal variation of the onset of type 1 diabetes among children worldwide S157-S157 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200372?Moltchanova, E. V. Schreier, N. Lammi, N. Karvonen, M. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:00025866j[L|?*NSjoberg, L. Haapala, L. Harjutsalo, V. Pitkaniemi, I. Tuomilehto, J. Kaaja, R.2008'Menopause in women with type 1 diabetes S158-S158 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200377WSjoberg, L. Haapala, L. Harjutsalo, V. Pitkaniemi, I. Tuomilehto, J. Kaaja, R. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:00025866l|?+tZhang, L. Qiao, Q. Tuomilehto, J. Hammar, N. Ruotolo, G. Stehouwer, C. D. A. Heine, R. J. Eliasson, M. Zethelius, B.2008The association of dyslipidaemia with cardiovascular mortality in individuals without a prior history of diabetes in the DECODE Study S173-S173 Diabetologia51Meeting AbstractSep://000258660200415}Zhang, L. Qiao, Q. Tuomilehto, J. Hammar, N. Ruotolo, G. Stehouwer, C. D. A. Heine, R. J. Eliasson, M. Zethelius, B. Suppl. 1 0012-186XISI:000258T|?,=Kantele, A. M. Palkola, N. V. Arvilommi, H. S. Kantele, J. M.2008fDistinctive homing profile of pathogen-specific activated lymphocytes in human urinary tract infection427-434Clinical Immunology1283ArticleSepIn contrast to other mucosal sites, information on migration/ homing of lymphocytes activated in the human urinary tract is tacking. The expression of lymphocyte homing receptors (HR) on pathogen-specific anti body-secreting cells (ASC) originating from the urinary tract (patients with pyelonephritis, PN) was compared to that on antigen-specific ASC originating from the intestine (patients with gastroenteritis) or from a parenteral site (tetanus toxoid-immunized volunteers). In the PN group, 61% of ASC expressed the gut HR, alpha(4)beta(7), 52% the peripheral lymph node HR, L-selectin, and 13% the skin HR, CLA. This homing profile of urinary tract-originating lymphocytes was found to differ from both of the two major vaccination routes, intestinal (less gut-targeting) or parenteral (more gut-targeting, less targeting to parenteral sites). This information on targeting of the immune response may prove useful when developing vaccines against urinary tract infection (UTI). (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.://000258734100018GKantele, Anu M. Palkola, Nina V. Arvilommi, Heikki S. Kantele, Jussi M. 1521-6616ISI:0002587341000183.55110.1016/  |?-eLappalainen, M. H. J. Roponen, M. Hyvarinen, A. Nevalainen, A. Laine, O. Pekkanen, J. Hirvonen, M. R.2008Exposure to environmental bacteria may have differing effects on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6-producing capacity in infancy 1483-1492!Clinical and Experimental Allergy389ArticleSepBackground Our previous study showed an association between increased concentration of endotoxin in house dust and elevated IFN-gamma responses in neonates. The impact of other microbial agents on immune responses in infancy is poorly known. Objective To examine whether stimulated cytokine responses of mothers and their children are associated with concentrations of other microbial markers in addition to endotoxin in house dust samples. Methods Mitogen-stimulated production of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-alpha was measured in cord blood and in peripheral blood of mothers (n=29) and their children (n=29) 3 months after birth. Gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis was applied to measure the concentrations of ergosterol (marker of fungal biomass), muramic acid (indicating the presence of Gram-positive bacteria) and 3-hydroxy fatty acids (C-10:0-C-14:0, indicating the presence of Gram-negative bacteria) in house dust. Endotoxin was determined with Limulus assay. Results Significant mother-to-child correlations were observed in stimulated production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 3 months after birth. 3-hydroxy fatty acid (C-10:0-C-14:0) levels in bed dust were inversely associated with the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in blood samples of mothers and their 3-month-old children. High concentrations of muramic acid in floor dust were related to increased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 at the age of 3 months. In contrast to endotoxin, none of the other microbial markers were significantly associated with enhanced IFN-gamma-producing capacity from birth to 3 months. Conclusions Exposure to Gram-negative bacteria and their components may be associated with down-regulated immune responses in early infancy, indicated as an impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines following mitogen stimulation. Gram-positive bacteria and their constituents seem to have opposite effects. Of the measured markers, exposure to bioactive endotoxin appears to have the strongest impact on T-helper type 1 responses.://000258727400010fLappalainen, M. H. J. Roponen, M. Hyvarinen, A. Nevalainen, A. Laine, O. Pekkanen, J. Hirvonen, M. -R. 0954-7894ISI:0002587274000103.729 10.1111/j.1365-22|?.Kiviranta, P. H. Salo, H. S. Leppanen, J. Rinne, V. M. Kyrylenko, S. Kuusisto, E. Suuronen, T. Salminen, A. Poso, A. Lahtela-Kakkonen, M. Wallen, E. A. A.2008wCharacterization of the binding properties of SIRT2 inhibitors with a N-(3-phenylpropenoyl)-glycine tryptamide backbone 8054-8062 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry1617ArticleSepiSIRT2 inhibitors with a N-(3-phenylpropenoyl)-glycine tryptamide backbone were studied. This backbone has been developed in our group, and it is derived from a compound originally found by virtual screening. In addition, compounds with a smaller 3-phenylpropenoic acid tryptamide backbone were also included in the study. Binding modes for the new compounds and the previously reported compounds were analyzed with molecular modelling methods. The approach, which included a combination of molecular dynamics, molecular docking and cluster analysis, showed that certain docking poses were favourable despite the conformational variation in the target protein. The N-(3-phenylpropenoyl)-glycine tryptamide backbone is also a good backbone for SIRT2 inhibitors, and the series of compounds includes several potent SIRT2 inhibitors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000258827800022Kiviranta, Paivi H. Salo, Heikki S. Leppanen, Jukka Rinne, Valtteri M. Kyrylenko, Sergiy Kuusisto, Erkki Suuronen, Tiina Salminen, Antero Poso, Antti Lahtela-Kakkonen, Maija Wallen, Erik A. A. 0968-0896ISI:0002588278000222.66210.1016/j  |?/SHalme, J. T. Seppa, K. Alho, H. Pirkola, S. Poikolainen, K. Lonnqvist, J. Aalto, M.2008QHazardous drinking: Prevalence and associations in the Finnish general population 1615-1622-Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research329ArticleSep(Background: Hazardous drinking, defined as consuming alcohol on a risky level and not meeting the diagnostic criteria of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), has been suggested for a new complementary nondependence diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associations of hazardous drinking in comparison to AUDs, moderate drinking, and abstinence. Methods: A national representative sample of Finns was examined in the Health 2000 Survey. For 4477 subjects aged 30 to 64 years (76%, 2341 females), both the quantity frequency data about alcohol consumption and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) data concerning AUD diagnoses were available. The nationally recommended limits for hazardous dinking were used (males: 24 drinks, females: 16 drinks/wk). Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations. Results: The prevalence of hazardous drinking was 5.8%. Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among males than females (8.5% vs. 3.1%). It was most prevalent among the subjects aged 40 to 49 years (7.3%), divorced or separated (8.3%), unemployed (8.2%) and subjects living in the southern (Helsinki) region (7.5%). AUDs versus hazardous drinking were more likely to be in males versus females and in the unemployed versus employed. Subjects aged 40 and over had higher odds for hazardous drinking versus AUDs. The odds for hazardous versus moderate drinking were higher for males versus females (adjusted odds ratio = 3.24), for subjects aged over 40 years, unemployed versus employed and cohabiting, divorced/separated or unmarried subjects versus married subjects. Conclusion: The high prevalence of hazardous drinking makes it an important public health concern. Hazardous drinkers have different sociodemographic characteristics as compared to people in other alcohol use categories.://000258726700012fHalme, Jukka T. Seppa, Kaija Alho, Hannu Pirkola, Sami Poikolainen, Kari Lonnqvist, Jouko Aalto, Mauri 0145-6008ISI:0002587267000123.1753.175 10.1111/j s c|?0%Tarkkanen, A. Reunanen, A. Kivela, T.2008mFrequency of systemic vascular diseases in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma598-602Acta Ophthalmologica866ArticleSepPurpose: Abnormal fibrils can be identified by electron microscopy in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, cerebral meninges and other tissues of patients with exfoliation syndrome (ES). However, a clinical association of ES with arterial hypertension (HT), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular accidents and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is debated. We conducted a national registry-based survey to further assess the first two of these associations. Methods: We reviewed the records of 519 consecutive patients to whom the Social Insurance Institution of Finland had granted free medication for glaucoma according to national common criteria. The glaucoma was classified either as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or exfoliation glaucoma (EG), masked to any systemic diseases; 20 patients with other types of glaucoma were excluded from the survey. Masked to the type of glaucoma, the registry provided data on free medication similarly granted for HT, IHD and diabetes mellitus (DM), a known modifier of risk for cardiovascular disease. Data were analysed by logistic regression, modelling age, gender and DM as confounders. Results: The control group of 344 patients with POAG was comparable as regards gender with the study group of 155 patients with EG, but patients with POAG were both younger (mean 69 versus 73 years; P < 0.0001) and had DM twice as often (10% versus 5%; P = 0.05) compared to those with EG. Adjusting for age, gender and presence of DM, no difference in frequency of HT [odds ratio (OR) 0.80 for presence of EG; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-1.23, P = 0.31] or IHD (OR 0.86 for presence of EG; 95% CI 0.49-1.13, P = 0.66) was detected between the two groups. Conclusion: In this population-based registry survey, no difference in frequency of HT or IHD was noted between patients with POAG and EG who had been granted free medication for these chronic diseases according to national common criteria. The frequency of DM was lower among patients with EG, in line with several previous reports.://000258726900004,Tarkkanen, Ahti Reunanen, Antti Kivela, Tero 1755-375XISI:0002587269000041.848 10.1111/j.1600-0 |?1%Tarkkanen, A. Reunanen, A. Kivela, T.2008~Frequency of age-related macular degeneration among patients with primary chronic open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma697-698Acta Ophthalmologica866LetterSep://000258726900026-Tarkkanen, Ahti Reunanen, Antti Kivelae, Tero 1755-375XISI:0002587269000261.848 10.1111/j.1600 @ 'dF72Malinen, H. Hyytia, P.2008Ethanol Self-Administration Is Regulated by CB1 Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens and Ventral Tegmental Area in Alcohol-Preferring AA RatsAlcohol Clin Exp Res 2008/09/11Sep 6,Background: Endogenous cannabinoids and their receptors, CB1 receptors in particular, have been implicated in mediation of ethanol reinforcement. Previously, suppression of ethanol drinking by CB1 antagonists has been demonstrated in many experimental paradigms. However, the exact mechanism by which CB1 antagonists modulate ethanol drinking remains elusive. In the present study, we assessed the role of CB1 receptors within the key regions of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), in regulation of ethanol self-administration. Methods: Adult male alcohol-prefer AA rats were trained to self-administer either 10% (w/v) ethanol or 0.1% (w/v) saccharin under an FR1 schedule during daily 30-minute sessions. Following stable baseline responding, rats were tested after systemic administration of the CB1 antagonist SR141716A (0 to 10 mg/kg) and the agonist WIN55,212-2 (0 to 2 mg/kg). Separate groups of rats were implanted with bilateral cannulas aimed at the NAcc or VTA, and tested after microinjections of SR141716A (0 to 3 mug) and WIN55,212-2 (0 to 5 mug) into the NAcc or VTA. The highest intracerebral doses were tested also in rats responding for a 0.1% saccharin solution. Results: SR141617A dose-dependently suppressed ethanol responding after systemic administration. Microinjections of SR141617A both into NAcc and VTA attenuated ethanol responding. In addition, intra-NAcc injections of SR141617A suppressed saccharin intake. Although low doses of systemically given WIN55,212-2 increased ethanol responding, no effects were seen after WIN55,212-2 microinjections into NAcc or VTA. Conclusions: Bidirectional changes in ethanol self-administration by the systematically administered CB1 agonist and antagonist show that ethanol reinforcement is controlled by CB1 receptors in alcohol-preferring AA rats. Replication of the suppressive effects by CB1 antagonism in the NAcc and VTA suggests that endocannabinoids and their receptors mediate ethanol reinforcement through interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.18782338PAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Sep 6.1530-0277 (Electronic)3.1753.175eNational Public Heath Institute, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Helsinki, Finland.4ACER786 [pii] 10.1111/j.1530-0277 hF73Sammalisto, S. Hiekkalinna, T. Schwander, K. Kardia, S. Weder, A. B. Rodriguez, B. L. Doria, A. Kelly, J. A. Bruner, G. R. Harley, J. B. Redline, S. Larkin, E. K. Patel, S. R. Ewan, A. J. Weber, J. L. Perola, M. Peltonen, L.2008Genome-wide linkage screen for stature and body mass index in 3.032 families: evidence for sex- and population-specific genetic effectsEur J Hum Genet 2008/09/11Sep 10 Stature (adult body height) and body mass index (BMI) have a strong genetic component explaining observed variation in human populations; however, identifying those genetic components has been extremely challenging. It seems obvious that sample size is a critical determinant for successful identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie the genetic architecture of these polygenic traits. The inherent shared environment and known genetic relationships in family studies provide clear advantages for gene mapping over studies utilizing unrelated individuals. To these ends, we combined the genotype and phenotype data from four previously performed family-based genome-wide screens resulting in a sample of 9.371 individuals from 3.032 African-American and European-American families and performed variance-components linkage analyses for stature and BMI. To our knowledge, this study represents the single largest family-based genome-wide linkage scan published for stature and BMI to date. This large study sample allowed us to pursue population- and sex-specific analyses as well. For stature, we found evidence for linkage in previously reported loci on 11q23, 12q12, 15q25 and 18q23, as well as 15q26 and 19q13, which have not been linked to stature previously. For BMI, we found evidence for two loci: one on 7q35 and another on 11q22, both of which have been previously linked to BMI in multiple populations. Our results show both the benefit of (1) combining data to maximize the sample size and (2) minimizing heterogeneity by analyzing subgroups where within-group variation can be reduced and suggest that the latter may be a more successful approach in genetic mapping.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 10 September 2008; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.152.18781184GEuropean journal of human genetics : EJHG Eur J Hum Genet. 2008 Sep 10.1018-4813 (Print)4.003W1Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.-ejhg2008152 [pii] 10.1038/ejhg.200 ~74BKlemets, P. Lyytikainen, O. Ruutu, P. Ollgren, J. Pekka Nuorti, J.2008Invasive pneumococcal infections among persons with and without underlying medical conditions: implications for prevention strategies96BMC Infect Dis8 2008/07/24Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Child Child, Preschool Female Finland/epidemiology Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Male Middle Aged Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology/mortality/ prevention & control Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology Risk FactorsBACKGROUND: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for persons aged < 65 years with chronic medical conditions. We evaluated the risk and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among persons with and without the underlying medical conditions which are considered PPV23 indications. METHODS: Population-based data on all episodes of IPD (positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture) reported by Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories during 1995-2002 were linked to data in national health care registries and vital statistics to obtain information on the patient's preceding hospitalisations, co-morbidities, and outcome of illness. RESULTS: Overall, 4357 first episodes of IPD were identified in all age groups (average annual incidence, 10.6/100,000). Patients aged 18-49 and 50-64 years accounted for 1282 (29%) and 934 (21%) of IPD cases, of which 372 (29%) and 427 (46%) had a current PPV23 indication, respectively. Overall, 536 (12%) IPD patients died within one month of first positive culture. Persons aged 18-64 years accounted for 254 (47%) of all deaths (case-fatality proportion, 12%). Of those who died 117 (46%) did not have a vaccine indication. In a survival model, patients with alcohol-related diseases, non-haematological malignancies, and those aged 50-64 years were most likely to die. CONCLUSION: In the general population of non-elderly adults, almost two-thirds of IPD and half of fatal cases occurred in persons without a recognised PPV23 indication. Policymakers should consider additional prevention strategies such as lowering the age of universal PPV23 vaccination and introducing routine childhood pneumococcal conjugate immunisation which could provide substantial health benefits to this population through indirect vaccine effects.18647385Klemets, Peter Lyytikainen, Outi Ruutu, Petri Ollgren, Jukka Pekka Nuorti, J Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England BMC infectious diseases BMC Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 22;8:96.1471-2334 (Electronic)2.021National Public Health Institute (KTL), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Helsinki, Finland. peter.klemets@ktl.fi11471-2334-8-96 [pii] 10.1186/1471-2334-m[~75VLehtinen, M. Herrero, R. Mayaud, P. Barnabas, R. Dillner, J. Paavonen, J. Smith, P. G.2006Chapter 28: Studies to assess the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of HPV vaccination in developed and developing countries S3/233-41Vaccine 24 Suppl 3 2006/09/05Developed Countries Developing Countries Humans Papillomavirus Infections/ prevention & control Papillomavirus Vaccines/ immunology Product Surveillance, Postmarketing Research/trendsAug 31We review studies of the implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes in developed and developing countries. The review spans the period from establishment of long-term vaccine efficacy follow-up studies, operational research on issues of vaccine preparedness, and relevant predictive modelling studies during the pre-licensure phase to plans of phase IV effectiveness trials, forms of epidemiological surveillance, and further operational research in the post-licensure phase. Much of the research is already ongoing. Depending on the results of the planned immuno bridging studies among HIV-negative and HIV-positive women, further phase III and/or phase IV trials may be warranted.16950012Lehtinen, Matti Herrero, Rolando Mayaud, Philippe Barnabas, Ruanne Dillner, Joakim Paavonen, Jorma Smith, Peter G Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Netherlands Vaccine Vaccine. 2006 Aug 31;24 Suppl 3:S3/233-41.0264-410X (Print)3.377zNational Public Health Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, KTL, Oulu, Finland. Matti.Lehtinen@uta.fi?S0264-410X(06)00702-X [pii] 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006. (F76eViertio, S. Sainio, P. Koskinen, S. Perala, J. Saarni, S. I. Sihvonen, M. Lonnqvist, J. Suvisaari, J.2008`Mobility limitations in persons with psychotic disorder: findings from a population-based survey"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008/09/20Sep 17iBACKGROUND: There are few reports on mobility limitations in persons with psychotic disorder although restrictions in mobility may aggravate the general functional limitations of these patients. Our aim was to investigate mobility limitations among subjects with psychotic disorder in a general population-based sample. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 6,927 persons aged 30 and older self-reported mobility limitations in an interview and was examined in performance tests. Diagnostic assessment of DSM-IV psychotic disorders combined SCID interview and case note data. Lifetime-ever diagnoses of psychotic disorder were classified into schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychotic disorders and affective psychoses. RESULTS: Self-reported mobility limitations were highly prevalent in persons with schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis, but not in the affective psychosis group. After adjusting for age and sex, persons with schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses but not affective psychoses had significantly increased odds of having both self-reported and test-based mobility limitations as well as weak muscle strength. Schizophrenia remained an independent predictor of mobility limitations even after controlling for lifestyle-related factors and chronic medical conditions. Among persons with nonaffective psychoses, higher levels of negative symptoms predicted mobility limitations. CONCLUSION: Self-reported mobility limitations are prevalent already at a young age in persons with schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychotic disorders, and among older persons with these disorders both self-reported limitations and measured performance tests show lower capacity in mobility. Difficulties in mobility are associated with negative symptoms. Mental health care professionals should pay attention to mobility limitations in persons with psychotic disorder.18802653_Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008 Sep 17.0933-7954 (Print)1.944Dept. of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland, satu.viertio@ktl.fi.10.1007/s00127-008-043hWF77\Lignell, U. Meklin, T. Rintala, H. Hyvarinen, A. Vepsalainen, A. Pekkanen, J. Nevalainen, A.2008Evaluation of quantitative PCR and culture methods for detection of house dust fungi and streptomycetes in relation to moisture damage of the houseLett Appl Microbiol 2008/09/19Sep 15,Aims: Microbial concentrations in vacuumed house dust samples (n = 71) were analysed by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods and their association with extent of moisture damage in the house was studied. Methods and Results: Microbial concentrations measured by qPCR correlated with concentrations obtained by culture method, but were orders of magnitude higher. qPCR also had better sensitivity. Concentrations of several microbes in house dust, determined with qPCR, were associated with the extent of moisture damage in the house. This association was strongest for Penicillium brevicompactum, one of the fungi detected in highest concentrations by qPCR. Furthermore, house dust concentrations of Wallemia sebi, Trichoderma viride, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Eurotium amstelodami and the combined assay group for Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Paecilomyces variotii were significantly associated with the extent of the moisture damage. Conclusion: These species or assay groups could probably be used as indicators of moisture damage in the house. Significance and Impact of the Study: This finding indicates the benefits of the qPCR method, which is sensitive enough to reveal the differences in microbial concentrations of house dust between moisture-damaged and undamaged houses.18798815ALetters in applied microbiology Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008 Sep 15.1472-765X (Electronic)1.623VNational Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland.4LAM2431 [pii] 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.028|78Varjosalo, M. Taipale, J.2008"Hedgehog: functions and mechanisms2454-72 Genes Dev2218 2008/09/17Sep 15WThe Hedgehog (Hh) family of proteins control cell growth, survival, and fate, and pattern almost every aspect of the vertebrate body plan. The use of a single morphogen for such a wide variety of functions is possible because cellular responses to Hh depend on the type of responding cell, the dose of Hh received, and the time cells are exposed to Hh. The Hh gradient is shaped by several proteins that are specifically required for Hh processing, secretion, and transport through tissues. The mechanism of cellular response, in turn, incorporates multiple feedback loops that fine-tune the level of signal sensed by the responding cells. Germline mutations that subtly affect Hh pathway activity are associated with developmental disorders, whereas somatic mutations activating the pathway have been linked to multiple forms of human cancer. This review focuses broadly on our current understanding of Hh signaling, from mechanisms of action to cellular and developmental functions. In addition, we review the role of Hh in the pathogenesis of human disease and the possibilities for therapeutic intervention.18794343Varjosalo, Markku Taipale, Jussi Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Genes & development Genes Dev. 2008 Sep 15;22(18):2454-72.0890-9369 (Print)14.795Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute (KTL), and Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine and High Throughput Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.*22/18/2454 [pii] 10.1101/gad.16TCHF79.Saarela, O. Kulathinal, S. Arjas, E. Laara, E.2008_Nested case-control data utilized for multiple outcomes: a likelihood approach and alternativesStat Med 2008/09/16Sep 12Suppose a nested case-control design has been applied for collecting covariate data when studying a specific disease. With possible new outcomes of interest it would be sensible to utilize the previously selected control group instead of (or in addition to) a new control selection, given that the same covariate data were relevant and available, and that their measurements had adequate stability and quality. We formulate this problem in the framework of the competing risks survival model. In this approach covariate information collected for all outcomes can be utilized in the analysis. We not only propose likelihood-based parameter estimation but we also review alternative methods based on weighted partial/pseudolikelihoods. The methods discussed here are closely related to the analysis of a case-cohort design, where the control group is not tied to cases of a specific disease. The different methods are compared in a simulation study. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.18792086-Statistics in medicine Stat Med. 2008 Sep 12.0277-6715 (Print)1.5474National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.10.1002/sim U C|7:pKilkkinen, A. Rissanen, H. Klaukka, T. Pukkala, E. Heliovaara, M. Huovinen, P. Mannisto, S. Aromaa, A. Knekt, P.20083Antibiotic use predicts an increased risk of cancer2152-5 Int J Cancer1239 2008/08/16Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents/ adverse effects Cohort Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/ chemically induced Proportional Hazards Models Risk FactorsNov 1Antibiotic use has been hypothesized to be associated with the risk of cancer but the evidence is sparse and inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to determine whether antibiotic use predicts the development of various cancers. This nationwide cohort study included 3,112,624 individuals, aged 30-79 years, with no history of cancer. Information on their antibiotic use between 1995 and 1997 was obtained from the Drug Prescription Registry. During the period 1998-2004, 134,070 cancer cases were ascertained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk of cancer: for categories of increasing antibiotic use (0-1, 2-5 and >/=6 prescriptions), RRs (95% CIs) for cancer were 1.0 (reference), 1.27 (1.26-1.29) and 1.37 (1.34-1.40). RRs (for comparison of lowest and highest exposure group) for the most common primary sites i.e. prostate, breast, lung and colon were 1.39 (1.31-1.48), 1.14 (1.09-1.20), 1.79 (1.67-1.92), and 1.15 (1.04-1.26), respectively. RRs for other primary sites varied between 0.90 (0.76-1.05) for ovary to 2.60 (1.60-4.20) for endocrine gland (excluding thyroid). In conclusion, antibiotic use predicts an increased risk of cancer. Because of the design of our study the possibility of residual confounding cannot be excluded and further studies are required to confirm the results.18704945#Kilkkinen, Annamari Rissanen, Harri Klaukka, Timo Pukkala, Eero Heliovaara, Markku Huovinen, Pentti Mannisto, Satu Aromaa, Arpo Knekt, Paul Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer Int J Cancer. 2008 Nov 1;123(9):2152-5.1097-0215 (Electronic)4.555|Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. annamari.kilkkinen@ktl.fi10.1002/ijc |7;@Lahti, T. A. Partonen, T. Kyyronen, P. Kauppinen, T. Pukkala, E.20083Night-time work predisposes to non-Hodgkin lymphoma2148-51 Int J Cancer1239 2008/08/13Aged Circadian Rhythm/ physiology Female Humans Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/ etiology Male Middle Aged Personnel Staffing and Scheduling Risk Sex Characteristics Time Factors Work Schedule ToleranceNov 1ROur aim was to find out whether non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was more common than expected among night-time shift workers. The Finnish job-exposure matrix (FINJEM) provided estimates of the proportion of exposed persons and the mean level of exposure among the exposed in each occupation. The probability of night-time work in each occupation was assessed, the observed and expected numbers of cancer cases in a cohort of persons born in 1906-1945 during the years of 1971-1995 were calculated, and the cumulative index of night-time work was scored. The cohort compromised of 1,669,272 persons of whom 6,307 (3,813 men and 2,494 women) had NHL during the follow-up. Night-time work increased significantly (p = 0.01) the risk of NHL in men, the overall relative risk being 1.10 (95% confidence interval of 1.03-1.19). Using the lag period of 10 years, the risk ratio was 1.28 (1.03-1.59) for men who worked in night-time shifts to a high degree as compared with those who had not been exposed to night-time work. Night-time workers are cancer prone and have a greater risk of NHL than population on average.18697199Lahti, Tuuli A Partonen, Timo Kyyronen, Pentti Kauppinen, Timo Pukkala, Eero Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer Int J Cancer. 2008 Nov 1;123(9):2148-51.1097-0215 (Electronic)4.555{Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland.10.1002/ijc.23 420.2007.01122.x -0420.2007.01109.x  3/alcalc/agn057 .2008.00786.x [doi]Eng .1530-0277.2008.00740.x 553000046.603 0553000276.603 452002006.101 91452013786.101 59-07 [doi]eng apmr.2008.01.026 .bmc.2008.07.059 8-96 [doi]eng 7420520802380000  22.2008.03054.x 756000932.270 128/cvi.00110-08 j.clim.2008.05.003 -00004 [pii]Eng 0331 [doi]eng 6602003425.822 86602002995.822 6602001055.822  02003725.822  02003775.822 6602004155.822 0.019 [doi]eng 120000075.283 762-y [doi]eng 0467-9 [doi]eng 470-1 [doi]eng 02758 [doi]eng 8.152 [doi]Eng kn083 [doi]Eng 10654-008-9280-0 1038/ejhg.2008.77  38/ejhg.2008.50  xcr.2008.06.016 93608 [doi]eng 10.1002/hep.22401 1093/humrep/den136 1128/iai.00418-08  73000014.705 .23622 [doi]eng  566 [doi]eng  el@ktl.fieng  6.x [doi]eng  38g [doi]eng j.jad.2007.12.239 j.jad.2008.01.012 .1128/jcm.00313-08  28/jcm.00499-08 1128/jcm.00422-08 0/jco.2007.14.3198 /00220410810844187 049000064.364 0269003181.768 269003041.768  /j.jacc.2008.06.016 431.x [doi]Eng .1038/nature07229 1038/ng0908-1032 R.0b013e32830c4698  38/oby.2008.313  /peds.2008-0220  001 [doi]eng -3083.2008.02144.x  3-y [doi]Eng .3416 [doi]Eng 0817 [doi]Eng 01.053 [doi]eng 05.109 [doi]eng8 D?M =Paturi, Merja Tapanainen, Heli Reinivuo, Heli Pietinen, Pirjo2008;Finravinto 2007 -tutkimus. The National FINDIET 2007 Survey[Kansanterveyslaitoksen julkaisuja B. Publications of the National Public Health Institute B23Helsinki5Kansanterveyslaitos. National Public Health Instituteartments of Food Technology and Mental Health and Alcohol Studies, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. kaisu.keskitalo@helsinki.fi88/2/263 [pii]eng,|7=ILangel, K. Engblom, C. Pehrsson, A. Gunnar, T. Ariniemi, K. Lillsunde, P.2008BDrug testing in oral fluid-evaluation of sample collection devices393-401J Anal Toxicol326 2008/07/26Buffers Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Saliva/ chemistry Specimen Handling/ instrumentation Substance Abuse Detection/ instrumentationJul-AugNine different oral fluid (OF) collection devices were studied to evaluate their suitability for collecting samples for drug analysis. The devices were Greiner Bio-One, Orasure Intercept, Immunalysis Quantisal, StatSure Saliva.Sampler, Cozart, Sarstedt Salivette, Malvern Medical OraCol, Acro Biotech Salicule, and Varian OraTube. For comparison, OF was also collected into plastic tubes. The volume of collected OF was quantified for samples collected both in vitro and from volunteers. Drug recovery was studied by collecting OF fortified at 1000 ng/mL with amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, morphine, codeine, diazepam, and alprazolam with the devices in vitro and analyzing the samples with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recovery of ethanol was measured from 0.2% in OF by headspace gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection. The stability of drugs in the samples was studied by analyzing the samples after 0, 14, and 28 days storage. The study shows that there are substantial differences between the OF collection devices on the market. Some are well suited for collecting samples for toxicological analysis, but some give quite poor results.18652744Langel, Kaarina Engblom, Charlotta Pehrsson, Anna Gunnar, Teemu Ariniemi, Kari Lillsunde, Pirjo Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Journal of analytical toxicology J Anal Toxicol. 2008 Jul-Aug;32(6):393-401.0146-4760 (Print)2.068sNational Public Health Institute, Drug Research Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland. kaarina.lang8|7>4Haanpera, M. Forssten, S. D. Huovinen, P. Jalava, J.2008Typing of SHV extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by pyrosequencing in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with chromosomal SHV beta-lactamase2632-5Antimicrob Agents Chemother527 2008/05/07-Amino Acid Substitution Base Sequence Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics DNA Primers/genetics DNA, Bacterial/genetics Genes, Bacterial Humans Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification/ enzymology/ genetics/isolation & purification Point Mutation Sequence Analysis, DNA beta-Lactamases/classification/ geneticsJulhIn Klebsiella pneumoniae, the cooccurrence of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases can hinder their accurate molecular detection. We developed a fast and reliable method that allows the typing of isolates carrying more than one SHV gene. The method is based on pyrosequencing the DNA sequence corresponding to amino acid positions 35, 238, and 240.18458132Haanpera, Marjo Forssten, Sofia D Huovinen, Pentti Jalava, Jari Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Jul;52(7):2632-5. Epub 2008 May 5.1098-6596 (Electronic)4.390Laboratory of Human Microbial Ecology, Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. marjo.haanpera@ktl.fi-AAC.01259-07 [pii] 10.1128/AAC.012 wl|7?UPietarinen, V. M. Rintala, H. Hyvarinen, A. Lignell, U. Karkkainen, P. Nevalainen, A.2008nQuantitative PCR analysis of fungi and bacteria in building materials and comparison to culture-based analysis655-63J Environ Monit105 2008/05/02Construction Materials/ microbiology Culture Techniques Mitosporic Fungi/ isolation & purification Polymerase Chain Reaction Streptomyces/ isolation & purificationMay3Prolonged moisture on building materials can lead to microbial growth on them. Microbes can emit spores, metabolites and structural parts into the indoor air and thus, cause adverse health effects of people living and working in these buildings. So far, culture methods have been used for assessment of microbial contamination of building materials. In this work, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of selected fungal and bacterial groups in 184 building materials of different types and compared the results with culture-based analysis. Nine either commonly found species, genera or groups of fungi, or those considered as moisture damage indicators, and one bacterial genus, Streptomyces, were determined using qPCR. Fungi and mesophilic actinomycetes were also cultivated using standard media and conditions of the routine analysis.The bacterial genus Streptomyces and the fungal group Penicillium/Aspergillus/Paecilomyces were the most prevalent microbial groups in all building material types, followed by Stachybotrys chartarum and Trichoderma viride/atroviride/koningii. The highest prevalences, concentrations and species diversity was observed on wooden materials. In general, the results of the two methods did not correlate well, since concentrations of fungi and streptomycetes were higher and their occurrence more prevalent when determined by qPCR compared to culture-based results. However, with increasing concentrations, the correlation generally increased. The qPCR assay did not detect Aspergillus versicolor and Acremonium strictum as often as culture.18449403Pietarinen, Veli-Matti Rintala, Helena Hyvarinen, Anne Lignell, Ulla Karkkainen, Paivi Nevalainen, Aino Comparative Study England Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM J Environ Monit. 2008 May;10(5):655-63. Epub 2008 Mar 20.1464-0325 (Print)1.833gNational Public Health Institute, Environmental Health Department, P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, 70701, Finland.10.1039/b7161 |7@IHelakorpi, S. Martelin, T. Torppa, J. Vartiainen, E. Uutela, A. Patja, K.2008qImpact of the 1976 Tobacco Control Act in Finland on the proportion of ever daily smokers by socioeconomic status340-5Prev Med464 2007/12/26Adult Censuses Cross-Sectional Studies Female Finland/epidemiology Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Prevalence Program Evaluation Public Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence Sex Factors Smoking/ epidemiology/ legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control Social Class Tobacco Smoke Pollution/ legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & controlAprOBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the 1976 Tobacco Control Act (TCA) on smoking initiation across socioeconomic groups. METHODS: Nationwide data from independent annual cross-sectional postal surveys in 1978-2002 in Finland. Subjects were 25-64-year-old men and women born 1926-1975 (n=68 071). Socioeconomic status was derived individually from population census data. Logistic regression was applied to assess the impact of the 1976 TCA on the prevalence of ever daily smoking in birth cohorts and socioeconomic groups. RESULTS: Clear socioeconomic differences in ever daily smoking among men and women were found. In all socioeconomic groups a declining cohort trend was observed among men whereas women showed an increasing trend in early cohorts and a declining one thereafter. A statistically significant decline in the proportion of ever daily smokers compatible with the impact of the TCA was found in all socioeconomic groups except farmers. Among women the decline was roughly similar in each socioeconomic group, while among men it varied and was most pronounced among white collar employees. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the 1976 TCA was less pronounced among male lower socioeconomic groups. In spite of the even impact of the TCA on female smoking across socioeconomic groups, large socioeconomic disparities remain. Tobacco control policy measures specifically directed at lower socioeconomic groups are needed.18158177Helakorpi, Satu Martelin, Tuija Torppa, Jorma Vartiainen, Erkki Uutela, Antti Patja, Kristiina United States Preventive medicine Prev Med. 2008 Apr;46(4):340-5. Epub 2007 Nov 17.0091-7435 (Print)2.314nNational Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, FI-00300 Helsinki, Finland. satu.helakorpi@ktl.fi=S0091-7435(07)00459-8 [pii] 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11. D|7ArOvaskainen, M. L. Paturi, M. Reinivuo, H. Hannila, M. L. Sinkko, H. Lehtisalo, J. Pynnonen-Polari, O. Mannisto, S.2008TAccuracy in the estimation of food servings against the portions in food photographs674-81Eur J Clin Nutr625 2007/04/19Adult Body Mass Index Diet Surveys Energy Intake/ physiology Female Food/ classification Humans Male Middle Aged Photography/methods/standards Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Distribution Size PerceptionMayOBJECTIVE: In diet surveys, quantitative underestimation of food consumption may be due to intentional misreporting or false portion-size reporting. Perception of food photographs used as aids for assessing the actual amounts may have an effect. This study was carried out to assess the validity of food photographs. DESIGN: A real-time test protocol where 52 presented food servings were compared against photographed portions with similar food items. SUBJECTS: Volunteers from the Rehabilitation Company Petrea (in Turku) were recruited, 161 adults participated, and for 146 subjects, complete data were collected. METHODS: The proportions of correct estimations and reporting errors, in weights and percentages, are presented by gender and food group. Food descriptors, portion-size options and subject characteristics were studied as potential determinants of accuracy in portion-size estimation. RESULTS: The total proportion of exactly correct estimations was 51% in men and 49% in women. The overall reporting error was -10 g in men and +1 g in women for the 52 food servings. Underreporting was typical for bread, spread and cold cuts and dishes in both genders. Over-reporting was typical for cereals in both genders and for snacks, vegetables and fruit in women. The estimation error was associated with the portion-size options but not associated with the energy density of food items, education or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Food portions in photographs seem to be a useful aid for the quantification of most food items. However, validation studies are needed to test the applicability of photographs for estimating current portions and for searching better tools in dietary surveys.17440523Ovaskainen, M-L Paturi, M Reinivuo, H Hannila, M-L Sinkko, H Lehtisalo, J Pynnonen-Polari, O Mannisto, S Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England European journal of clinical nutrition Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;62(5):674-81. Epub 2007 Apr 18.0954-3007 (Print)2.326Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Nutrition Unit, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland. marja-leena.ovaskainen@ktl.fi+1602758 [pii] 10.1038/sj.ejcn.16 / lF7BFSundell, L. Salomaa, V. Vartiainen, E. Poikolainen, K. Laatikainen, T.2008:Increased Stroke Risk Is Related to a Binge Drinking HabitStroke 2008/10/04Oct 2BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk for all strokes, whereas moderate regular alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk for ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different drinking patterns on stroke risk, independent of average alcohol intake. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 15 965 Finnish men and women age 25 to 64 years who participated in a national risk factor survey and had no history of stroke at baseline were followed up for a 10-year period. The first stroke event during follow-up served as the outcome of interest (N=249 strokes). A binge drinking pattern was defined as consuming 6 or more drinks of the same alcoholic beverage in men or 4 or more drinks in women in 1 session. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for average alcohol consumption, age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, body mass index, educational status, study area, study year, and history of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Binge drinking was an independent risk factor for total and ischemic strokes. Compared with non-binge drinkers, the hazard ratio for total strokes among binge drinkers was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.54) after adjusting for average alcohol consumption, age, and sex; the association was diluted after adjustment for other risk factors. Compared with non-binge drinkers, the risk for ischemic stroke was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.39 to 2.87) among binge drinkers; the association remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that a pattern of binge drinking is an independent risk factor for all strokes and ischemic stroke.18832741=Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation Stroke. 2008 Oct 2.1524-4628 (Electronic)6.296/From the Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; the University of Kuopio, Kuopio; and the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies and Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.=STROKEAHA.108.520817 [pii] 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.52  x|7CRStenholm, S. Harris, T. B. Rantanen, T. Visser, M. Kritchevsky, S. B. Ferrucci, L.20086Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences693-700Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care116 2008/10/02NovPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Older obese persons with decreased muscle mass or strength are at special risk for adverse outcomes. We discuss potential pathways to muscle impairment in obese individuals and the consequences that joint obesity and muscle impairment may have on health and disability. Tantamount to this discussion is whether low muscle mass or, rather, muscle weakness should be used for the definition. RECENT FINDINGS: Excess energy intake, physical inactivity, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and changes in hormonal milieu may lead to the development of so-called 'sarcopenic obesity'. It was originally believed that the culprit of age-related muscle weakness was a reduction in muscle mass, but it is now clear that changes in muscle composition and quality are predominant. We propose that the risk of adverse outcomes, such as functional limitation and mortality, is better estimated by considering jointly obesity and muscle strength rather than obesity and muscle mass and the term 'sarcopenic obesity' should be revisited. SUMMARY: Recognition of obese patients who have associated muscle problems is an essential goal for clinicians. Further research is needed to identify new target for prevention and cure of this important geriatric syndrome.18827572pCurrent opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Nov;11(6):693-700.1363-1950 (Print)2.930SaLongitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA bDepartment of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland cGeriatrics Interdisciplinary Studies Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA dThe Finnish Center For Interdisciplinary Gerontology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland eInstitute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, and EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands fDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, J. Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.A10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d [doi] 00075197-200811000F7DRRogacheva, A. Laatikainen, T. Patja, K. Paavola, M. Tossavainen, K. Vartiainen, E.2008{Smoking and related factors of the social environment among adolescents in the Republic of Karelia, Russia in 1995 and 2004Eur J Public Health 2008/09/30Sep 27yBackground: To investigate changes in smoking prevalence associated with social factors and existing health policies among adolescents in Russia from 1995 to 2004. METHODS: In 1995 and 2004 a confidential questionnaire was distributed to every 9th grade student of all 10 comprehensive schools of the Pitkaranta in Republic of Karelia, Russia. In 1995, 385 children participated in the survey (response rate 95%) and 395 children (response rate 85%) in 2004. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of boys smoked daily in 1995 and 31% in 2004. Daily smoking doubled from 7% to 15% for girls. Smoking in the schoolyard increased among girls. The proportion of girls who reported smoking at home with their parents' knowledge increased. Both genders cited the ease of purchasing tobacco as a minor. Knowledge about the fast development of tobacco addiction increased statistically significantly among boys. Fewer numbers of respondents of either gender thought that young smokers look 'cool' and more grown up. Having a best friend who smoked was the strongest predictor for smoking for both genders. Conclusion: Smoking has increased among girls. Social environment is a predisposing factor. Anti-smoking legislation was implemented weakly. Minors purchase tobacco relatively easily. Knowledge about tobacco's harmfulness has somewhat increased but is not sufficient to deter starting smoking, especially among non-smoking girls. Adequate education of adolescents on the hazards of tobacco consumption is needed, accompanied by a more determined enforcement of health policies. The potent influence of peers should be considered when planning preventive interventions.18820308CEuropean journal of public health Eur J Public Health. 2008 Sep 27.1464-360X (Electronic)1.910iDepartment of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Finland.(ckn083 [pii] 10.1093/eurpub/c{|7E#Vaarala, O. Atkinson, M. A. Neu, J.2008The "perfect storm" for type 1 diabetes: the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota, gut permeability, and mucosal immunity2555-62Diabetes5710 2008/09/30OctIt is often stated that type 1 diabetes results from a complex interplay between varying degrees of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. While agreeing with this principal, our desire is that this Perspectives article will highlight another complex interplay potentially associated with this disease involving facets related to the gut, one where individual factors that, upon their interaction with each another, form a "perfect storm" critical to the development of type 1 diabetes. This trio of factors includes an aberrant intestinal microbiota, a "leaky" intestinal mucosal barrier, and altered intestinal immune responsiveness. Studies examining the microecology of the gastrointestinal tract have identified specific microorganisms whose presence appears related (either quantitatively or qualitatively) to disease; in type 1 diabetes, a role for microflora in the pathogenesis of disease has recently been suggested. Increased intestinal permeability has also been observed in animal models of type 1 diabetes as well as in humans with or at increased-risk for the disease. Finally, an altered mucosal immune system has been associated with the disease and is likely a major contributor to the failure to form tolerance, resulting in the autoimmunity that underlies type 1 diabetes. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between these factors and raise testable hypotheses that form a fertile area for future investigations as to the role of the gut in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 1 diabetes.18820210Vaarala, Outi Atkinson, Mark A Neu, Josef Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Diabetes Diabetes. 2008 Oct;57(10):2555-62.1939-327X (Electronic)8.261Laboratory for Immunobiology, Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. outi.vaarala@ktl.fi(57/10/2555 [pii] 10.2337/db08- > /L|7F.Gursoy, M. Pajukanta, R. Sorsa, T. Kononen, E.2008AClinical changes in periodontium during pregnancy and post-partum576-83J Clin Periodontol357 2008/04/24Adult Dental Plaque Index Female Gingiva/ physiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Matched-Pair Analysis Periapical Tissue/ physiology Periodontal Index Periodontal Ligament/ physiology Postpartum Period/ physiology Pregnancy/ physiology Reference ValuesJulBACKGROUND AND AIM: Pregnancy has been presented to increase susceptibility to gingival inflammation. It is unclear whether pregnancy gingivitis exposes or proceeds to periodontitis. We examined longitudinally the severity of periodontal changes during pregnancy and post-partum, and compared the findings with an age-matched group of non-pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty generally healthy, non-smoking women at an early phase of their pregnancy and 24 non-pregnant women as controls were recruited. The pregnant group was examined three times during pregnancy and twice during post-partum, and the non-pregnant group three times, once per subsequent month. At each visit, visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured from six sites per tooth. RESULTS: In the pregnant group, BOP and PPD increased simultaneously without relation to plaque between the first and second trimesters, and thereafter decreased during subsequent visits. No changes were detected in CAL during the study period. In the non-pregnant group, BOP stayed invariable during the follow-up and correlated with the amount of plaque. Neither periodontal pocket formation nor significant changes in attachment levels were observed. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, changes in clinical parameters during pregnancy are reversible, indicating that pregnancy gingivitis does not predispose or proceed to periodontitis.18430046Gursoy, Mervi Pajukanta, Riitta Sorsa, Timo Kononen, Eija Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Denmark Journal of clinical periodontology J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Jul;35(7):576-83. Epub 2008 Apr 21.1600-051X (Electronic)2.678pAnaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Helsinki, Finland. mervi.latva-aho@ktl.fi4CPE1236 [pii] 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.0123Q?|7G&Nakari, U. M. Puhakka, A. Siitonen, A.2008Correct identification and discrimination between Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by a standardized hippurate test and species-specific polymerase chain reaction513-8Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis277 2008/03/056Bacterial Typing Techniques/ standards Campylobacter Infections/ diagnosis/microbiology Campylobacter coli/ classification/ isolation & purification Campylobacter jejuni/ classification/ isolation & purification Finland Hippurates/ metabolism Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction/ methods Predictive Value of TestsJul=Hippurate hydrolysis test results of 240 Campylobacter strains were compared with those of two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Of the 152 strains identified in Finnish clinical microbiology routine laboratories as C. coli (hippurate-negative), 11% were C. jejuni (hippurate-positive) by standardized hippurate test and 39% by PCR in the reference laboratory. Two of the 81 hippurate-positive strains were identified as C. coli. Standardizing the hippurate test by determining minimum and maximum turbidity limits (McFarland 6 and McFarland 10, OD(450) values 0.8 and 1.4, respectively) for the bacterial cell suspension eliminated the false-positive results, but 32% of the 145 hippurate-negative strains were still identified as C. jejuni by PCR. The species identification of Campylobacter isolates in Finland could be improved by using a standardized hippurate hydrolysis test to identify hippurate-positive C. jejuni and testing hippurate-negative strains by molecular methods. This would also improve the epidemiological data on this important zoonotic pathogen.18317822 Nakari, U-M Puhakka, A Siitonen, A Evaluation Studies Germany European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Jul;27(7):513-8. Epub 2008 Mar 4.0934-9723 (Print)2.309PNational Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.10.1007/s10096-008-  |7HiVainio, A. Karden-Lilja, M. Ibrahem, S. Kerttula, A. M. Salmenlinna, S. Virolainen, A. Vuopio-Varkila, J.2008|Clonality of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Finland as defined by several molecular methods545-55Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis277 2008/02/16Bacterial Typing Techniques Chromosomes, Bacterial Cluster Analysis DNA Fingerprinting DNA, Bacterial/genetics Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field Finland/epidemiology Genotype Humans Incidence Methicillin Resistance Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods Staphylococcal Infections/ epidemiology/ microbiology Staphylococcal Protein A/genetics Staphylococcus aureus/ classification/ drug effects/isolation & purification Statistics as TopicJulIn Finland, the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains has increased ten fold within the last decade. In order to follow the changing epidemiology of MRSA, accurate typing of S. aureus strains is important. The purpose of this study was to reanalyse 44 previously recognised Finnish epidemic MRSA strains (EMRSA) by several molecular typing methods and to revise their nomenclature. The 44 EMRSA strains were grouped into 26 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) clusters, 20 multi locus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (ST) belonging to 12 clonal complexes (CC) of which CC8 was the most prevalent, and 27 spa types belonging to four clonal complexes. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV was predominant, and 48% of the strains were nonmultiresistant to antibiotics. The discriminatory power of PFGE clusters, MLST, and spa typing was high. The overall concordance values of typing methods differed when assessed by two different methods. Adjusted Rand coefficient provided fairly low correlations for all comparisons. However, spa type was able to efficiently predict types and clonal complexes of most of the other methods with high probability (> or =80%).18274796;Vainio, A Karden-Lilja, M Ibrahem, S Kerttula, A M Salmenlinna, S Virolainen, A Vuopio-Varkila, J Germany European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Jul;27(7):545-55. Epub 2008 Feb 15.0934-9723 (Print)2.309Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland. anni.vainio@ktl.fi10.1007/s10096-008-08'|7I`Koistinen, J. Kiviranta, H. Ruokojarvi, P. Parmanne, R. Verta, M. Hallikainen, A. Vartiainen, T.2008{Organohalogen pollutants in herring from the northern Baltic Sea: concentrations, congener profiles and explanatory factors172-83Environ Pollut1542 2007/12/07'Animals Body Size DDT/analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Finland Fishes/ metabolism Geologic Sediments/chemistry Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/ analysis Polybrominated Biphenyls/analysis Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis Seawater Soil Pollutants/analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical/ analysisJulOrganohalogen contaminants were investigated in Baltic herring caught from three catchment areas in the Baltic Sea, off the coasts of Finland. Pools of both small and large herring were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, naphthalenes, camphenes (toxaphene), polybrominated diphenyl ethers and the pesticide DDT and its metabolites. PCB concentrations per fresh weight in small herring were at the same level in all catchment areas, i.e. the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Gulf of Finland, revealing no hot spots and reflecting most likely long term emissions and atmospheric deposition. Differences in the levels and/or congener profiles of other contaminants between catchment areas may be explained by point sources. Similar concentrations in small and large herring in the Gulf of Finland were possibly due to their common nutrition. In the other areas, differences between small and large herring most likely reflected their different food sources.18055079Koistinen, Jaana Kiviranta, Hannu Ruokojarvi, Paivi Parmanne, Raimo Verta, Matti Hallikainen, Anja Vartiainen, Terttu Comparative Study England Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) Environ Pollut. 2008 Jul;154(2):172-83. Epub 2007 Dec 4.0269-7491 (Print)3.135National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. jaana.koistinen@helsinki.fi>S0269-7491(07)00507-6 [pii] 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.1 , |7JtSuvisaari, J. Perala, J. Saarni, S. I. Harkanen, T. Pirkola, S. Joukamaa, M. Koskinen, S. Lonnqvist, J. Reunanen, A.2008mType 2 diabetes among persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in a general population survey129-36!Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci2583 2007/11/09Age Distribution Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use Blood Glucose/metabolism Chi-Square Distribution Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ epidemiology Female Finland/epidemiology Health Surveys Humans Insulin/blood Male Middle Aged Mood Disorders/blood/drug therapy/ etiology Prevalence Psychotic Disorders/blood/drug therapy/ epidemiology Schizophrenia/blood/drug therapy/ epidemiologyAprMSchizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, previous studies are mainly based on clinical samples where the comorbidity may be stronger. We investigated in a general population survey the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in persons with psychotic disorders and in users of antipsychotic medication. The study was based on a nationally representative two-stage cluster sample of 8,028 persons aged 30 or over from Finland. Diagnostic assessment of psychotic disorders combined SCID-I interview and case note data. Prevalences of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for age and sex, were estimated by calculating predicted marginals. The prevalence estimate of type 2 diabetes was 22.0% among subjects with schizophrenia, 13.4% among subjects with other nonaffective psychosis and 6.1% in subjects without psychotic disorders. Only two subjects (3.4%) with affective psychosis had type 2 diabetes. Users of all types of antipsychotic medication had increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that type 2 diabetes is a major health concern among persons with schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychotic disorders and also in users of antipsychotic medication, but persons with affective psychosis in the general population may not have increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes.17990051>Suvisaari, Jaana Perala, Jonna Saarni, Samuli I Harkanen, Tommi Pirkola, Sami Joukamaa, Matti Koskinen, Seppo Lonnqvist, Jouko Reunanen, Antti Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Apr;258(3):129-36.0940-1334 (Print)2.809}Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. jaana.suvisaari@ktl.fi10.1007/s00406-007-0A/|7K Tuomisto, J.2005NDoes mechanistic understanding help in risk assessment--the example of dioxins2-10Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2072 Suppl 2005/07/060Animals Dioxins/ toxicity Humans Risk AssessmentSep 1Risk assessment is based on scientific information, in part on "regulatory toxicology", i.e., studies following protocols accepted by national or international authorities, and in part on fundamental scientific information clarifying the mechanisms of toxicity and giving a better possibility to evaluate also the findings of routine safety studies. Both are needed, and increased biological understanding increases the possibilities of handling the data in a rational way. In addition, risk assessment seems to include some built-in assumptions that are not necessarily scientific at all. This review attempts to highlight the distortions that are possible if we follow certain rules in a blinkered way not taking into consideration all aspects of the risk. The highly controversial risk assessment of dioxins is used to exemplify the difficulties of excessively straightforward risk analysis process.15996698Tuomisto, Jouko Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review United States Toxicology and applied pharmacology Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 1;207(2 Suppl):2-10.1096-0333 (Electronic)3.846National Public Health Institute (KTL), Department of Environmental Health, Centre for Environmental Health Risk Analysis, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. jouko.tuomisto@ktl.fi<S0041-008X(05)00335-2 [pii] 10.1016/j.taap.2005. |7L Huuskonen, H.2005HNew models and molecular markers in evaluation of developmental toxicity495-500Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2072 Suppl 2005/07/02Animals Blastocyst/cytology Cell Separation Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology Flow Cytometry Genetic Markers Models, Biological Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Teratogens/ toxicity ZebrafishSep 1Mammalian and non-mammalian embryos and embryonic stem cells may be used as models in mechanistic studies and in testing embryotoxicity of compounds. In addition to conventional culture methods, genetic modifications and use of molecular markers offer significant advantages in mechanistic studies as well as in developing new test methods for embryotoxicity. Zebrafish model has been used for a long time and at present several applications are available. It is an easy vertebral non-mammalian model, whose genome is largely known and several genetic modifications are easily constructed to study gene expression or knocked down genes. Fluorescent marker proteins can be used also in zebrafish to indicate gene activation in transgenic models. Chemical genetics approach has been developed using zebrafish model. This is a new approach to screen small molecules that regulate signaling pathways. Embryonic stem cells have been used in mechanistic studies and mouse embryonic stem cell test has been validated to study embryotoxicity in vitro. This method has been improved using quantitative measurements of molecular endpoints by real-time RT-PCR or fluorescent activated cell sorting methods (FACS). Methods facilitating differentiation to several different cell types are available. We have studied preimplantation mouse embryos as a possible model for in vitro testing. In this method, superovulated and in vivo fertilized preimplantation embryos were collected at morula stage and cultured up to blastocysts. The mouse preimplantation culture test was improved by quantitative gene expression measurement using two-step real-time RT-PCR methods. New endpoints improve the tests of in vitro embryotoxicity because subjective assessments are replaced by objective measurements. In addition, automation is possible and less time is needed for analysis. Thus, high throughput screening will come possible to test large numbers of compounds.15990136Huuskonen, Hannele Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review United States Toxicology and applied pharmacology Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 1;207(2 Suppl):495-500.1096-0333 (Electronic)3.846National Product Control Agency for Welfare and Health, Chemicals Department, STTV c/o National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. hannele.huuskonen@sttv.fi<S0041-008X(05)00272-3 [pii] 10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.023 [doi]engPKKBI9I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! H!H!H! (H! 3H! >H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! "H! -H!8H!idreference_typetext_stylesauthoryeartitlepagessecondary_titlevolumenumbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_publishedpublishersubsidiary_authoreditionkeywordstype_of_workdateabstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_authornotesisbncustom_1custom_2custom_3custom_4alternate_titleaccession_numbercall_numbershort_titlecustom_5custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationreprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaptioncustom_7electronic_resource_numberlink_to_pdftranslated_authortranslated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_noteslanguageaccess_datelast_modified_datePK8Oe9 33refs.MYDPKKBI9I/**3refs.FRMPKl^