PKWS8Zrrefs.MYDI7|?PPohjanvirta, R. Boutros, P. C. Moffat, I. D. Linden, J. Wendelin, D. Okey, A. B.2008[Genome-wide effects of acute progressive feed restriction in liver and white adipose tissue41-56#Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology2301ArticleJulAcute progressive feed restriction (APFR) represents a specific form of caloric restriction in which feed availability is increasingly curtailed over a period of a few days to a few weeks. It is often used for control animals in toxicological and pharmacological studies on compounds causing body weight loss to equalize weight changes between experimental and control groups and thereby, intuitively, to also set their metabolic states to the same phase. However, scientific justification for this procedure is lacking. In the present study, we analyzed by microarrays the impact on hepatic gene expression in rats of two APFR regimens that caused identical diminution of body weight (19%) but differed slightly in duration (4 vs. 10 days). In addition, white adipose tissue (WAT) was also subjected to the transcriptomic analysis on day-4. The data revealed that the two regimens led to distinct patterns of differentially expressed genes in liver, albeit some major pathways of energy metabolism were similarly affected (particularly fatty acid and amino acid catabolism). The reason for the divergence appeared to be entrainment by the longer APFR protocol of peripheral oscillator genes, which resulted in derailment of circadian rhythms and consequent interaction of altered diurnal fluctuations with metabolic adjustments in gene expression activities. WAT proved to be highly unresponsive to the 4-day APFR as only 17 mRNA levels were influenced by the treatment. This study demonstrates that body weight is a poor proxy of metabolic state and that the customary protocols of feed restriction can lead to rhythm entrainment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.://000257098300006bPohjanvirta, Raimo Boutros, Paul C. Moffat, Ivy D. Linden, Jere Wendelin, Dominique Okey, Allan B. 0041-008XISI:00025M;|?MHalonen, J. I. Lanki, T. Yli-Tuomi, T. Kulmala, M. Tiittanen, P. Pekkanen, J.2008GUrban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits635-641Thorax637ArticleJulBackground: There is little previous information of the effects of size fractioned particulate air pollution and source specific fine particles (PM2.5; <2.5 mu m) on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among children, adults and the elderly. Objectives: To determine the effects of daily variation in levels of different particle size fractions and gaseous pollutants on asthma and COPD by age group. Methods: Levels of particulate air pollution, NO2 and CO were measured from 1998 to 2004 at central outdoor monitoring sites in Helsinki, Finland. Associations between daily pollution levels and hospital emergency room visits were evaluated for asthma (ICD10: J45+J46) in children,15 years old, and for asthma and COPD (ICD10: J41+J44) in adults (15-64 years) and the elderly (>= 65 years). Results: Three to 5 day lagged increases in asthma visits were found among children in association with nucleation (<0.03 mu m), Aitken (0.03-0.1 mu m) and accumulation (0.1-0.29 mu m) mode particles, gaseous pollutants and traffic related PM2.5 (7.8% (95% CI 3.5 to 12.3) for 1.1 mu g/m(3) increase in traffic related PM2.5 at lag 4). Pooled asthma-COPD visits among the elderly were associated with lag 0 of PM2.5, coarse particles, gaseous pollutants and long range transported and traffic related PM2.5 (3.9% (95% CI 0.28 to 7.7) at lag 0). Only accumulation mode and coarse particles were associated with asthma and COPD among adults. Conclusions: Among children, traffic related PM2.5 had delayed effects, whereas among the elderly, several types of particles had effects that were more immediate. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of the respiratory effects of air pollution, and responsible pollutants, differ by age group.://000257166300014MHalonen, J. I. Lanki, T. Yli-Tuomi, T. Kulmala, M. Tiittanen, P. Pekkanen, J. 0040-6376ISI:00025)h|?van Erp, T. G. M. Therman, S. Pirkola, T. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Glahn, D. C. Bachman, P. Huttunen, M. O. Lonnqvist, J. Hietanen, M. Kaprio, J. Koskenvuo, M. Cannon, T. D.2008CVerbal recall and recognition in twins discordant for schizophrenia271-280Psychiatry Research1593ArticleJunThe nature, neural underpinnings, and etiology of deficits in verbal declarative memory in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. To examine the contributions of genes and environment to verbal recall and recognition performance in this disorder, the California Verbal Learning Test was administered to a large population-based Finnish twin sample, which included schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients, their non-ill monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) co-twins, and healthy control twins. Compared with controls, patients and their co-twins showed relatively greater performance deficits on free recall compared with recognition. Intra-pair differences between patients and their non-ill co-twins in hippocampal volume and memory performance were highly positively correlated. These findings are consistent with the view that genetic influences are associated with reduced verbal recall in schizophrenia, but that non-genetic influences further compromise these abnormalities in patients who manifest the full-blown schizophrenia phenotype, with this additional degree of disease-related declarative memory deficit mediated in part by hippocampal pathology. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.://000256743800002van Erp, Theo G. M. Therman, Sebastian Pirkola, Tiia Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari Glahn, David C. Bachman, Peter Huttunen, Matti O. Lonnqvist, Jouko Hietanen, Marja Kaprio, Jaakko Koskenvuo, Markku Cannon, Tyrone D. 0165-1781ISI:00025N?T|?WLaakkonen, A. Verkasalo, P. K. Nevalainen, A. Kauppinen, T. Kyyronen, P. Pukkala, E. I.2008EMoulds, bacteria and cancer among Finns: an occupational cohort study489-493'Occupational and Environmental Medicine657ArticleJulBackground: Some environmental moulds and bacteria produce carcinogenic toxins. Aim: To study associations between work-related exposure to moulds and bacteria and cancers in Finland. Methods: A cohort of all economically active Finns in the population census in 1970 were followed-up for 30 million person-years. Subsequent cancer cases were identified through record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. Observed and expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated by occupation, sex, birth cohort and period of observation. Exposures to moulds of agricultural and industrial origin and to bacteria of non-human origin were estimated with the Finnish Job-Exposure Matrix. Results: Men with the highest mould and bacterial exposure had a reduced relative risk for lung cancer (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9 for moulds and RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.0 for bacteria). Women in the highest mould and bacterial exposure category had RRs of 3.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 9.2) and 2.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.7) for cervical cancer, respectively. The respective RRs for lip cancer were 2.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 5.1) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.2). Conclusions: Exposures at the investigated concentrations to either moulds or bacteria are unlikely to be major risk factors of cancer, although suggestions of risk increases were observed for some cancer types. It has been suggested previously that the decreased risk for lung cancer is due to the protective effect of endotoxins.://000256890100008WLaakkonen, A. Verkasalo, P. K. Nevalainen, A. Kauppinen, T. Kyyronen, P. Pukkala, E. I. 1351-0711ISI:000256895#$|?Wedenoja, J. Loukola, A. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Paunio, T. Ekelund, J. Silander, K. Varilo, T. Heikkila, K. Suvisaari, J. Partonen, T. Lonnqvist, J. Peltonen, L.2008Replication of linkage on chromosome 7q22 and association of the regional Reelin gene with working memory in schizophrenia families673-684Molecular Psychiatry137ArticleJulSchizophrenia is a common and complex mental disorder. Hereditary factors are important for its etiology, but despite linkage signals reported to several chromosomal regions in different populations, final identification of predisposing genes has remained a challenge. Utilizing a large family-based schizophrenia study sample from Finland, we have identified several linked loci: 1q32.2-q42, 2q, 4q31, 5q and 7q22. In this study, an independent sample of 352 nuclear schizophrenia families (n = 1626) allowed replication of linkage on 7q21-32. In a sample of 245 nuclear families (n = 1074) originating from the same geographical region as the families revealing the linkage, SNP and microsatellite association analyses of the four regional candidate genes, GRM3, RELN, SEMA3A and VGF, revealed no significant association to the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Instead, quantifiable trait component analyses with neuropsychological endophenotypes available from 186 nuclear families (n = 861) of the sample showed significant association to RELN variants for traits related to verbal (P = 0.000003) and visual working memory (P = 0.002), memory (P = 0.002) and executive functioning (P = 0.002). Trait-associated allele-positive subjects scored lower in the tests measuring working memory (P = 0.0004-0.0000000004), memory (P = 0.02-0.0001) and executive functioning (P = 0.001). Our findings suggest that allelic variants of RELN contribute to the endophenotypes of schizophrenia.://000256832700006Wedenoja, J. Loukola, A. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Paunio, T. Ekelund, J. Silander, K. Varilo, T. Heikkila, K. Suvisaari, J. Partonen, T. Lonnqvist, J. Peltonen, L. 1359-4184ISI:000256>/|?Hanninen, O. Jantunen, M.2008<Re: Reid et al., air quality modeling for policy development 1051-1051DJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a-Current Issues7115Letter://000256942500009Hanninen, Otto Jantunen, Matti 1528-7394ISI:00025694|?cMattila, A. K. Ahola, K. Honkonen, T. Kronholm, E. Alanen, E. Jula, A. Salminen, J. K. Joukamaa, M.2008PAlexithymia, sense of coherence and occupational burnout in a working population663-663!Journal of Psychosomatic Research646Meeting AbstractJun://000256455300101cMattila, A. K. Ahola, K. Honkonen, T. Kronholm, E. Alanen, E. Jula, A. Salminen, J. K. Joukamaa, M. 0022-3999ISI:0002564|?OShi, Z. Hu, X. Yuan, B. Hu, G. Pan, X. Dai, Y. Byles, J. E. Holmboe-Ottesen, G.2008:Vegetable-rich food pattern is related to obesity in China975-984 International Journal of Obesity326ArticleJun`Objective: To investigate the association between a vegetable-rich food pattern and obesity among Chinese adults. Design: A food pattern rich in vegetables is associated with lower risk of obesity and non-communicable chronic disease in Western countries. A similar food pattern is found in the Chinese population but the cooking method is different. A cross-sectional household survey of 2849 men and women aged 20 years and over was undertaken in 2002 in Jiangsu Province ( response rate, 89.0%). Food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. Nutrient intake was measured by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Results: The prevalence of general obesity (BMI >= 28 kg m(-2)) was 8.0% in men and 12.7% in women, central obesity was 19.5% (>= 90 cm) and 38.2% (>= 80 cm), respectively. A four-factor solution explained 28.5% of the total variance in food frequency intake. The vegetable-rich food pattern ( whole grains, fruits and vegetables) was positively associated with vegetable oil and energy intake. Prevalence of obesity/central obesity increased across the quartiles of vegetable-rich food pattern. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and four distinct food patterns, the vegetable-rich pattern was independently associated with obesity. Compared with the lowest quartile of vegetable-rich pattern, the highest quartile had higher risk of general obesity ( men, prevalence ratio (PR): 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-3.14; women, PR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.45-3.49). Conclusion: The vegetable-rich food pattern was associated with higher risk of obesity/central obesity in Chinese adults in both genders. This association can be linked to the high intake of energy due to generous use of oil for stir-frying the vegetables.://000256788500013OShi, Z. Hu, X. Yuan, B. Hu, G. Pan, X. Dai, Y. Byles, J. E. Holmboe-Ottesen, G. 0307-0565ISI:00025678|? 4Waldmann, P. Hallander, J. Hoti, F. Sillanpaa, M. J.2008Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation of Bayesian analysis of additive and dominance genetic variances in noninbred pedigrees 1101-1112Genetics1792ArticleJun.Accurate and fast computation of quantitative genetic variance parameters is of great importance in both natural and breeding populations. For experimental designs with complex relationship structures it can be important to include both additive and dominance variance components in the statistical model. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian Gibbs sampling approach for estimation of additive and dominance genetic variances in the traditional infinitesimal model. The method can handle general pedigrees without inbreeding. To optimize between computational time and good mixing of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains, we used a hybrid Gibbs sampler that combines a single site and a blocked Gibbs sampler. The speed of the hybrid sampler and the mixing of the single-site sampler were further improved by the use of pretransformed variables. Two traits (height and trunk diameter) from a previously published diallel progeny test of Scots pine (,Pinus sylvestris L.) and two large simulated data sets with different levels of dominance variance were analyzed. We also performed Bayesian model comparison on the basis of the posterior predictive loss approach. Results showed that models with both additive and dominance components had the best fit for both height and diameter and for the simulated data with high dominance. For the simulated data with low dominance, we needed an informative prior to avoid the dominance variance component becoming overestimated. The narrow-sense heritability estimates in the Scots pine data were lower compared to the earlier results, which is not surprising because the level of dominance variance was rather high, especially for diameter. In general, the hybrid sampler was considerably faster than the blocked sampler and displayed better mixing properties than the single-site sampler.://000256892800034@Waldmann, Patrik Hallander, Jon Hoti, Fabian Sillanpaa, Mikko J. 0016-6731ISI:000256w|? He, Q. S. Mertsola, J.2008,Factors contributing to pertussis resurgence329-339Future Microbiology33ReviewJunDespite extensive immunization, the disease pertussis remains one of the world's leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths. An estimated 50 million cases and 300,000 deaths occur every year. A resurgence of pertussis is observed in highly immunized populations. Increasing numbers of pertussis are reported in adolescents and adults who transmit bacteria to newborns and infants to whom pertussis may be a life-threatening disease. Many studies have shown that the causes for the resurgence are multiple, such as increased awareness of disease, use of better diagnostic tools, improved surveillance methods and waning vaccine-induced immunity. Recently, antigenic divergence has been found between vaccine strains and clinical isolates in many countries with high vaccination coverage. Here, we summarize these findings and discuss the factors contributing to pertussis resurgence in immunized populations.://000256788600014He, Qiushui Mertsola, Jussi 1746-0913ISI:00025||? &Nakari, U. M. Puhakka, A. Siitonen, A.2008Correct identification and discrimination between Campylobacter jejuni and C-coli by a standardized hippurate test and species-specific polymerase chain reaction513-518?European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases277ArticleJul;Hippurate hydrolysis test results of 240 Campylobacter strains were compared with those of two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Of the 152 strains identified in Finnish clinical microbiology routine laboratories as C. coli (hippurate-negative), 11% were C. jejuni (hippurate-positive) by standardized hippurate test and 39% by PCR in the reference laboratory. Two of the 81 hippurate-positive strains were identified as C. coli. Standardizing the hippurate test by determining minimum and maximum turbidity limits (McFarland 6 and McFarland 10, OD450 values 0.8 and 1.4, respectively) for the bacterial cell suspension eliminated the false-positive results, but 32% of the 145 hippurate-negative strains were still identified as C. jejuni by PCR. The species identification of Campylobacter isolates in Finland could be improved by using a standardized hippurate hydrolysis test to identify hippurate-positive C. jejuni and testing hippurate-negative strains by molecular methods. This would also improve the epidemiological data on this important zoonotic pathogen.://000256755000004'Nakari, U. -M. Puhakka, A. Siitonen, A. 0934-9723ISI:00025675|? iVainio, A. Karden-Lilja, M. Ibrahem, S. Kerttula, A. M. Salmenlinna, S. Virolainen, A. Vuopio-Varkila, J.2008|Clonality of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Finland as defined by several molecular methods545-555?European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases277ArticleJulIn Finland, the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains has increased ten fold within the last decade. In order to follow the changing epidemiology of MRSA, accurate typing of S. aureus strains is important. The purpose of this study was to reanalyse 44 previously recognised Finnish epidemic MRSA strains (EMRSA) by several molecular typing methods and to revise their nomenclature. The 44 EMRSA strains were grouped into 26 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) clusters, 20 multi locus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (ST) belonging to 12 clonal complexes (CC) of which CC8 was the most prevalent, and 27 spa types belonging to four clonal complexes. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV was predominant, and 48% of the strains were nonmultiresistant to antibiotics. The discriminatory power of PFGE clusters, MLST, and spa typing was high. The overall concordance values of typing methods differed when assessed by two different methods. Adjusted Rand coefficient provided fairly low correlations for all comparisons. However, spa type was able to efficiently predict types and clonal complexes of most of the other methods with high probability (>= 80%).://000256755000007iVainio, A. Karden-Lilja, M. Ibrahem, S. Kerttula, A. M. Salmenlinna, S. Virolainen, A. Vuopio-Varkila, J. 0934-9723ISI:00025T|? <Yli-Tuomi, T. Lanki, T. Hoek, G. Brunekreef, B. Pekkanen, J.2008FDetermination of the sources of indoor PM2.5 in Amsterdam and Helsinki 4440-4446"Environmental Science & Technology4212ArticleJunDaily PM2.5 samples were repeatedly collected (1-8 times) in the homes of elderly nonsmoking individuals with coronary heart disease in Amsterdam, The Netherlands (33 individuals) and Helsinki, Finland (44 individuals). Sources of indoor PM2.5 were evaluated using a two-way multilinear engine model. Because the indoor elemental data lacked a traffic marker, separation of traffic related PM was attempted by combining the indoor data with fixed site outdoor data that also contained NO. Six outdoor sources, including long-range transport (LRT), urban mixture, oil combustion, traffic, sea-salt, and soil were identified, and three indoor sources were resolved: resuspension, potassium-rich and copper-rich sources. The average contribution of the indoor factors was 6% (1.1 mu g m(-3)) and 22% (2.4 mu g m(-3)) in Amsterdam and Helsinki, respectively. The highest longitudinal correlations between source-specific outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were found for LRT and urban mixture; the median R was above 0.6 for most sources. The longitudinal correlations were lower in Helsinki than in Amsterdam. Indoor-generated PM2.5 was not related to ambient concentrations. We conclude that using outdoor and indoor data together improved the source apportionment of indoor PM2.5. The results support the use of fixed site outdoor measurements in epidemiological time-series studies on outdoor air pollution.://000256705600035IYli-Tuomi, Tarja Lanki, Timo Hoek, Gerard Brunekreef, Bert Pekkanen, Juha 0013-936XISI:00025670 sh|?lHuttunen, K. Rintala, H. Hirvonen, M. R. Vepsalainen, A. Hyvarinen, A. Meklin, T. Toivola, M. Nevalainen, A.2008Indoor air particles and bioaerosols before and after renovation of moisture-damaged buildings: The effect on biological activity and microbial flora291-298Environmental Research1073ArticleJulXMany building-related health problems coincide with moisture damage and mold growth within a building. Their elimination is assumed to improve indoor air quality. The aim of this study was to follow the success of remediation in two individual buildings by analyzing the microbial flora and immunotoxicological activity of filter samples. We compare results from samples collected from indoor air in the moisture-damaged buildings before and after renovation and results from matched reference buildings and outdoor air. The microbial characteristics of the samples were studied by analyzing ergosterol content and determining the composition of fungal flora with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). In addition, the concentrations of particles were monitored with optical particle counter (OPC). The immunotoxicological activity of collected particle samples was tested by exposing mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) for 24h to particle suspension extracted from the filters, and measuring the viability of the exposed cells (MTT-test) and production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF alpha) in cell culture medium by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The results show that for Location I the renovation decreased the immunotoxicological activity of the particles collected from damaged building, whereas no difference was detected in the corresponding samples collected from the reference building. Interestingly, only slight differences were seen in the concentration of fungi. In the Location 2, a decrease was seen in the concentration of fungi after the renovation, whereas no effect on the immunotoxicological responses was detected. In this case, the immunotoxicological responses to the indoor air samples were almost identical to those caused by the samples from outdoor air. This indicates that the effects of remediation on the indoor air quality may not necessarily be readily measurable either with microbial or toxicological parameters. This may be associated with different spectrum of harmful agents in different mold and moisture-damaged buildings. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.://000256961000001Huttunen, Kati Rintala, Helena Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta Vepsalainen, Asko Hyvarinen, Anne Meklin, Teija Toivola, Mika Nevalainen, Aino 0013-9351ISI:00025696(|?_Leskinen, P. Hilscherova, K. Sidlova, T. Kiviranta, H. Pessala, P. Salo, S. Verta, M. Virta, M.2008FDetecting AhR ligands in sediments using bioluminescent reporter yeast 1850-1855Biosensors & Bioelectronics2312ArticleJulASediments polluted with high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants, many of which are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR), are currently of concern around the industrialized world. Bioassays that can detect the presence of AhR ligands in environmental samples offer a relatively rapid and cost-effective means of prioritizing samples before more elaborate, laborious, and costly chemical analyses are applied. This paper presents a new bioluminescent yeast assay based on transcriptional activation of AhR. Its applicability for determining AhR ligands in complex environmental samples was demonstrated by analyzing a set of sediment samples from the River Kymi, Finland. The results from the assay are shown to be consistent with those from both a chemical analysis and an H4IIE-luc bioassay. The yeast assay procedure is simple and can be performed within 1 day. The yeasts grow rapidly, are easy to handle, and do not require continuous cell culturing. Moreover, the robustness of the yeast allows the application of the test to crude extracts or even sediment suspensions. The yeast assay described in this paper can be useful in screening and prioritization of samples prior to chemical analysis. Moreover, the strain can be used in the construction of fibre-optic biosensors. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.://000256736300015uLeskinen, Piia Hilscherova, Klara Sidlova, Tereza Kiviranta, Hannu Pessala, Piia Salo, Simo Verta, Matti Virta, Marko 0956-5663ISI:0002567B/|?<Tallila, J. Jakkula, E. Peltonen, L. Salonen, R. Kestila, M.2008cIdentification of CC2D2A as a Meckel syndrome gene adds an important piece to the ciliopathy puzzle 1361-1367"American Journal of Human Genetics826ArticleJunMeckel syndrome (MKS) is a lethal malformation disorder characterized classically by encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly. MKS is also one of the major contributors to syndromic neural tube defects (NTDs). Recent findings have shown primary cilia dysfunction in the molecular background of MKS, indicating that cilia are critical for early human development. However, even though four genes behind MKS have been identified to date, they elucidate only a minor proportion of the MKS cases. In this study, instead of traditional linkage analysis, we selected 10 nonrelated affected fetuses and looked for the homozygous regions shared by them. Based on this strategy, we identified the sixth locus and the fifth gene, CC2D2A (MKS6), behind MKS. The biological function of CC2D2A is uncharacterized, but the corresponding polypeptide is predicted to be involved in ciliary functions and it has a calcium binding domain (C2). Immunofluorescence staining of patient's fibroblast cells demonstrates that the cells lack cilia, providing evidence for the critical role of CC2D2A in cilia formation. Our finding is very significant not only to understand the molecular background of MKS, but also to obtain additional information about the function of the cilia, which can help to understand their significance in normal development and also in other ciliopathies, which are an increasing group of disorders with overlapping phenotypes.://000256647000014OTallila, Jonna Jakkula, Evelfina Peltonen, Leena Salonen, Riitta Kestila, Marjo 0002-9297ISI:00025|?0Kemppainen, H. Raivio, N. Nurmi, H. Kiianmaa, K.2008Effect of ethanol on the extracellular levels of GABA and glutamate in the ventral pallidum of the alcohol preferring AA and alcohol avoiding ANA rats 157A-157A-Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research326Meeting AbstractJun://0002564972005869Kemppainen, H. Raivio, N. Nurmi, H. Kiianmaa, K. Suppl. 1 0145-6008ISI:00025649|?&Kemppainen, H. Hyytia, P. Kiianmaa, K.2008vBehavioral consequences of repeated nicotine during adolescence in alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol avoiding ANA rats 216A-216A-Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research326Meeting AbstractJun://000256497200824/Kemppainen, H. Hyytia, P. Kiianmaa, K. Suppl. 1 0145-6008ISI:00025649|?6Etelalahti, T. J. Saarikoski, S. T. Eriksson, C. J. P.2008tThe role of corticosterone and testosterone for alcohol drinking in F2-populations derived from AA and ana rat lines 218A-218A-Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research326Meeting AbstractJun://000256497200832?Etelalahti, T. J. Saarikoski, S. T. Eriksson, C. J. P. Suppl. 1 0145-6008ISI:000256bS|?#Malinen, H. Lehtonen, M. Hyytia, P.2008PEndocannabinoid regulation of alcohol drinking in the alcohol-preferring AA rats 284A-284A-Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research326Meeting AbstractJun://000256497201085,Malinen, H. Lehtonen, M. Hyytia, P. Suppl. 1 0145-6008ISI:00025649|?NLaitinen, A. Harkanen, T. Koskinen, S. Laatikainen, L. Reunanen, A. Aromaa, A.2008`Prevalence of eye diseases in the adult Finnish population: a nationwide population-based survey26-26Acta Ophthalmologica86Meeting AbstractJun://000256196300074[Laitinen, A. Haerkaenen, T. Koskinen, S. Laatikainen, L. Reunanen, A. Aromaa, A. Suppl. 241 1755-375XISI:0002561 = +F7UHalme, J. T. Seppä, K. Alho, H. Pirkola, S. Poikolainen, K. Lönnqvist, J. Aalto, M.2008QHazardous drinking: Prevalence and associations in the Finnish general populationAlcohol Clin Exp Res 2008/07/12Jun 28(Background: Hazardous drinking, defined as consuming alcohol on a risky level and not meeting the diagnostic criteria of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), has been suggested for a new complementary nondependence diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associations of hazardous drinking in comparison to AUDs, moderate drinking, and abstinence. Methods: A national representative sample of Finns was examined in the Health 2000 Survey. For 4477 subjects aged 30 to 64 years (76%, 2341 females), both the quantity frequency data about alcohol consumption and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) data concerning AUD diagnoses were available. The nationally recommended limits for hazardous dinking were used (males: 24 drinks, females: 16 drinks/wk). Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations. Results: The prevalence of hazardous drinking was 5.8%. Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among males than females (8.5% vs. 3.1%). It was most prevalent among the subjects aged 40 to 49 years (7.3%), divorced or separated (8.3%), unemployed (8.2%) and subjects living in the southern (Helsinki) region (7.5%). AUDs versus hazardous drinking were more likely to be in males versus females and in the unemployed versus employed. Subjects aged 40 and over had higher odds for hazardous drinking versus AUDs. The odds for hazardous versus moderate drinking were higher for males versus females (adjusted odds ratio = 3.24), for subjects aged over 40 years, unemployed versus employed and cohabiting, divorced/separated or unmarried subjects versus married subjects. Conclusion: The high prevalence of hazardous drinking makes it an important public health concern. Hazardous drinkers have different sociodemographic characteristics as compared to people in other alcohol use categories.18616689RAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jun 28;.1530-0277 (Electronic)3.175fDepartment of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.4ACER740 [pii] 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.07FKerttula, A. M. Mero, S. Pasanen, T. Vuopio-Varkila, J. Virolainen, A.2008yEvaluation of phenotypic and molecular methods for screening and detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus1-4Scand J Infect Dis 2008/07/09Apr 79An in-house PCR was compared with the GenoType(R) MRSA and the MRSA EVIGENE(TM) tests, both of which corresponded 100% with the results of in-house PCR. The cefoxitin disk diffusion method was superior to both the oxacillin disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests for predicting the mecA status.18609235PScandinavian journal of infectious diseases Scand J Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 7;:1-4.0036-5548 (Print)1.209From the Hospital Bacteria Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Helsinki, Finland./791964612 [pii] 10.1080/0036554080195{7\Klemets, P. Lyytikainen, O. Ruutu, P. Kaijalainen, T. Leinonen, M. Ollgren, J. Nuorti, J. P.2008PTrends and geographical variation in invasive pneumococcal infections in Finland1-8Scand J Infect Dis 2008/07/09Feb 7oWe evaluated regional variation and trends in invasive pneumococcal infections (IPI) in Finland by using data from national, population-based laboratory surveillance and number of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures performed by all microbiology laboratories during 1995-2002. The overall annualized IPI incidence was 10.6/100,000 (range by region, 7.9-15.1): 9.9 for bacteraemias (range 7.3-14.2) and 0.6 for meningitis (range 0.4-1.1). The rate in children aged <5 y was 23.5/100,000. Regional pneumococcal bacteraemia rates were correlated with blood culture sampling rates (p=0.015), but meningitis rates did not correlate with CSF culture rates. During 1995-2002, the overall annual IPI rate increased by 35.1%, from 8.2 to 11.5/100,000 (p<0.001). The annual blood culturing rate increased by 29.6% (p=0.015 for the correlation with IPI rate). Temporal increase and higher regional IPI rates were significantly associated with higher blood culturing rates. Pneumococcal serotypes included in the 7- and 10-valent conjugate vaccines caused 69.8% and 85.2% of IPIs among children aged <5 y and 49.5% and 59.3% in adults, respectively. The true incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia in Finland may be higher than previously estimated. Introduction of universal childhood pneumococcal conjugate immunization would provide substantial health benefits to Finnish children and adults.18609219PScandinavian journal of infectious diseases Scand J Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 7;:1-8.0036-5548 (Print)1.209rDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, From the National Public Health Institute (KTL), Helsinki, Finland./790469799 [pii] 10.1080/00365540801 a O<7jPihlajamaa, J. Suvisaari, J. Henriksson, M. Heila, H. Karjalainen, E. Koskela, J. Cannon, M. Lonnqvist, J.2008The validity of schizophrenia diagnosis in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: Findings from a 10-year birth cohort sample1-6Nord J Psychiatry 2008/07/09Jun 26 The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic validity of schizophrenia in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) with a large, epidemiologically representative sample using a multidiagnostic approach (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, ICD-10), and to find additional criteria that could be used to improve the validity of schizophrenia diagnosis in future register-based research that utilizes the FHDR. The study population consisted of all individuals (n=877) who were born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1 January 1951 and 31 December 1960, and who had had at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder in the FHDR. All their available hospital case notes were collected. The total number of subjects for whom case notes were obtained was 806. We used the OPCRIT system (version 3.4) to produce diagnoses according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria based on the information extracted from the hospital case notes. We examined the distribution of the DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses generated by the OPCRIT and calculated the proportion of individuals who received the same diagnosis in the FHDR and in the OPCRIT assessment. The proportion of subjects who received a core schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or schizophreniform disorder) in both the FHDR and OPCRIT assessment varied between 75% (DSM-III-R criteria) and 78% (ICD-10 criteria). Of the subjects with a narrow schizophrenia diagnosis in the FHDR, between 74% (DSM-IV) and 78% (ICD-10) received a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the reassessment depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. Eighty per cent of those who had received a core schizophrenia spectrum FHDR diagnosis after 1982 (vs. 56% of those who had received their last schizophrenia diagnosis in 1982 or before) received a DSM-IV diagnosis of core schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Of the 58 subjects in the sample who had been given at various times diagnoses of both core schizophrenia diagnosis and bipolar I diagnosis in FHDR, 43% received a core schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria. The validity of the FHDR schizophrenia diagnosis is acceptable for large-scale register studies and comparable with that of other Nordic registers. Diagnostic validity can be further improved by selecting subjects who have core schizophrenia spectrum disorder as the latest diagnosis, by omitting cases diagnosed before 1982, and by excluding cases with a register diagnoses of both a core schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar I disorder.18609031ANordic journal of psychiatry Nord J Psychiatry. 2008 Jun 26;:1-6.1502-4725 (Electronic)0.752fDepartment of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland./794492548 [pii] 10.1080/08039480801<|7<Yli-Tuomi, T. Lanki, T. Hoek, G. Brunekreef, B. Pekkanen, J.2008FDetermination of the sources of indoor PM2.5 in Amsterdam and Helsinki4440-6Environ Sci Technol4212 2008/07/09Jun 15Daily PM2.5 samples were repeatedly collected (1-8 times) in the homes of elderly nonsmoking individuals with coronary heart disease in Amsterdam, The Netherlands (33 individuals) and Helsinki, Finland (44 individuals). Sources of indoor PM2.5 were evaluated using a two-way multilinear engine model. Because the indoor elemental data lacked a traffic marker, separation of traffic related PM was attempted by combining the indoor data with fixed site outdoor data that also contained NO. Six outdoor sources, including long-range transport (LRT), urban mixture, oil combustion, traffic, sea-salt, and soil were identified, and three indoor sources were resolved: resuspension, potassium-rich and copper-rich sources. The average contribution of the indoor factors was 6% (1.1 microg m(-3)) and 22% (2.4 microg m(-3)) in Amsterdam and Helsinki, respectively. The highest longitudinal correlations between source-specific outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were found for LRT and urban mixture; the median R was above 0.6 for most sources. The longitudinal correlations were lower in Helsinki than in Amsterdam. Indoor-generated PM2.5 was not related to ambient concentrations. We conclude that using outdoor and indoor data together improved the source apportionment of indoor PM2.5. The results support the use of fixed site outdoor measurements in epidemiological time-series studies on outdoor air pollution.18605568Yli-Tuomi, Tarja Lanki, Timo Hoek, Gerard Brunekreef, Bert Pekkanen, Juha Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Environmental science & technology Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Jun 15;42(12):4440-6.0013-936X (Print)4.363Department of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute (KTL), P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. tarja.yli-|7 Lillsunde, P.20086Analytical techniques for drug detection in oral fluid181-7Ther Drug Monit302 2008/03/28-Automobile Driving Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Liquid European Union Humans Immunoassay Mass Spectrometry Reproducibility of Results Saliva/ chemistry Sensitivity and Specificity Specimen Handling Street Drugs/ analysis Substance Abuse Detection/ methods Substance-Related Disorders/ diagnosisAprAnalytical techniques for detection of drugs in oral fluid (OF) are reviewed with emphasis on applications used in European Union (EU) roadside testing projects. Oral fluid is readily accessible and collectible. It has become an interesting material because no medical personnel are needed for sampling. This matrix is especially applicable for preliminary drug testing in driving under the influence controls and for monitoring illicit drug use in drug treatment. Oral fluid is also an increasingly used specimen in epidemiologic studies and in workplace drug testing. Drugs are present at lower levels in OF than in urine. The window of detection of drugs in OF reflects the corresponding window in blood, suggesting OF as a specimen of choice for roadside testing. Saliva/blood ratios vary from drug to drug, from person to person, and even intraindividually making therapeutic drug monitoring in OF challenging. Several sensitive methods for drug testing in OF have been developed during the last years.18367978hLillsunde, Pirjo Review United States Therapeutic drug monitoring Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Apr;30(2):181-7.0163-4356 (Print)2.392_National Public Health Institute, Drug Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland. pirjo.lillsunde@ktl.fiA10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181685088 [doi] 00007691-200804000 ' |7vLehto, M. Mayranpaa, M. I. Pellinen, T. Ihalmo, P. Lehtonen, S. Kovanen, P. T. Groop, P. H. Ivaska, J. Olkkonen, V. M.2008:The R-Ras interaction partner ORP3 regulates cell adhesion695-705 J Cell Sci121Pt 5 2008/02/14hAntigens, CD29/metabolism Carrier Proteins/genetics/ metabolism Cell Adhesion/physiology Cell Line Cell Membrane/ metabolism Cell Movement/physiology Cell Polarity/physiology Cell Surface Extensions/metabolism Epithelial Cells/ metabolism Humans Macrophages/ metabolism Microfilaments/metabolism Phagocytosis/physiology Phosphorylation ras Proteins/ metabolismMar 1Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 3 (ORP3) is highly expressed in epithelial, neuronal and hematopoietic cells, as well as in certain forms of cancer. We assessed the function of ORP3 in HEK293 cells and in human macrophages. We show that ORP3 interacts with R-Ras, a small GTPase regulating cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Gene silencing of ORP3 in HEK293 cells results in altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, impaired cell-cell adhesion, enhanced cell spreading and an increase of beta1 integrin activity--effects similar to those of constitutively active R-Ras(38V). Overexpression of ORP3 leads to formation of polarized cell-surface protrusions, impaired cell spreading and decreased beta1 integrin activity. In primary macrophages, overexpression of ORP3 leads to the disappearance of podosomal structures and decreased phagocytotic uptake of latex beads, consistent with a role in actin regulation. ORP3 is phosphorylated when cells lose adhesive contacts, suggesting that it is subject to regulation by outside-in signals mediated by adhesion receptors. The present findings demonstrate a new function of ORP3 as part of the machinery that controls the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity and cell adhesion.18270267Lehto, Markku Mayranpaa, Mikko I Pellinen, Teijo Ihalmo, Pekka Lehtonen, Sanna Kovanen, Petri T Groop, Per-Henrik Ivaska, Johanna Olkkonen, Vesa M Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Journal of cell science J Cell Sci. 2008 Mar 1;121(Pt 5):695-705. Epub 2008 Feb 12.0021-9533 (Print)6.383kDepartment of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.)jcs.016964 [pii] 10.1242/jcs.01|7:Nyberg, S. D. Meurman, O. Jalava, J. Rantakokko-Jalava, K.2008Evaluation of detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates by VITEK 2 AST-N029 compared to the agar dilution and disk diffusion methods355-62Scand J Infect Dis405 2007/10/16Escherichia coli/ drug effects/ enzymology Humans Klebsiella/ drug effects/ enzymology Microbial Sensitivity Tests/ methods Sensitivity and Specificity beta-Lactam Resistance beta-Lactamases/ biosynthesis/geneticsA total of 123 clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were included in the study in order to evaluate VITEK 2 AST-NO29 (Nordic) card for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and to compare the results with genotypic ESBL verification. The results were also compared to alternative phenotypic methods, i.e. agar dilution and disk diffusion. The strains that were ESBL-positive according to AST-N029 were further analysed with the ESBL test card, VITEK 2 AST-N041. Using genotype as reference, Vitek 2 AES had the highest accuracy of the tested methods in classifying the strains as ESBL-positive or -negative (91.1%). When VITEK 2 gave ESBL as the only option for E. coli or K. pneumoniae, 44 of 45 (97.8%) strains had an ESBL gene. VITEK 2 achieved an accuracy of 94.9% and disk diffusion 95.9% compared to the agar dilution method as the phenotypic reference method for the E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. For the K. oxytoca strains VITEK 2 achieved the highest accuracy (84.0%) of the methods used in this work.17934979Nyberg, Sofia D Meurman, Olli Jalava, Jari Rantakokko-Jalava, Kaisu Comparative Study Evaluation Studies Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Sweden Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40(5):355-62.0036-5548 (Print)1.209lLaboratory of Human Microbial Ecology, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland. sofia.nyberg@ktl.fi/782990599 [pii] 10.1080/0036554070170 963000741.848 0740.x [doi]Eng4972008323.175 72008243.175 72005863.175 72010853.175 664700001411.092 363000155.061 tuomi@ktl.fieng 56000354.363 10000012.962 50000042.309 67550000072.309 67886000140.6458928000344.001 85000133.560 6964 [doi]eng 553001011.859 25000091.805 83270000610.900 983596 [doi]Eng 01000082.817 67438000022.298 5216 [doi]Eng 938931 [doi]Eng 4706 [doi]eng -00008 [pii]eng 71663000146.226 70983000063.846PKP8I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! H!H!H! (H! 3H! >H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! "H! -H!8H!idreference_typetext_stylesauthoryeartitlepagessecondary_titlevolumenumbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_publishedpublishersubsidiary_authoreditionkeywordstype_of_workdateabstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_authornotesisbncustom_1custom_2custom_3custom_4alternate_titleaccession_numbercall_numbershort_titlecustom_5custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationreprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaptioncustom_7electronic_resource_numberlink_to_pdftranslated_authortranslated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_noteslanguageaccess_datelast_modified_datePKWS8Zrrefs.MYDPKP8I/**.refs.FRMPKl,