PKb<8N((refs.MYD||7dRintamaki, R. Grimaldi, S. Englund, A. Haukka, J. Partonen, T. Reunanen, A. Aromaa, A. Lonnqvist, J.2008FSeasonal changes in mood and behavior are linked to metabolic syndromee1482PLoS ONE31 2008/01/24rBACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor to the cardiovascular diseases. It has been reported that disruptions of the circadian clockwork are associated with and may predispose to metabolic syndrome. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 8028 individuals attended a nationwide health examination survey in Finland. Data were collected with a face-to-face interview at home and during an individual health status examination. The waist circumference, height, weight and blood pressure were measured and samples were taken for laboratory tests. Participants were assessed using the ATP-III criteria for metabolic syndrome and with the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for their seasonal changes in mood and behavior. Seasonal changes in weight in particular were a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, after controlling for a number of known risk and potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Metabolic syndrome is associated with high global scores on the seasonal changes in mood and behavior, and with those in weight in particular. Assessment of these changes may serve as a useful indicator of metabolic syndrome, because of easy assessment. Abnormalities in the circadian clockwork which links seasonal fluctuations to metabolic cycles may predispose to seasonal changes in weight and to metabolic syndrome.Rintamaki, Reeta Grimaldi, Sharon Englund, Ani Haukka, Jari Partonen, Timo Reunanen, Antti Aromaa, Arpo Lonnqvist, Jouko United States PLoS ONE PLoS ONE. 2008 Jan 23;3(1):e1482.1932-6203 (Electronic)18213390fDepartment of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland."10.1371/journal.pone.0001482 [doi]engF|7Nousiainen, H. O. Kestila, M. Pakkasjarvi, N. Honkala, H. Kuure, S. Tallila, J. Vuopala, K. Ignatius, J. Herva, R. Peltonen, L.2008KMutations in mRNA export mediator GLE1 result in a fetal motoneuron disease Nat Genet 2008/01/22Jan 20The most severe forms of motoneuron disease manifest in utero are characterized by marked atrophy of spinal cord motoneurons and fetal immobility. Here, we report that the defective gene underlying lethal motoneuron syndrome LCCS1 is the mRNA export mediator GLE1. Our finding of mutated GLE1 exposes a common pathway connecting the genes implicated in LCCS1, LCCS2 and LCCS3 and elucidates mRNA processing as a critical molecular mechanism in motoneuron development and maturation.Nat Genet. 2008 Jan 20;.1546-1718 (Electronic)1820444924.176\Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki 00290, Finland.)ng.2007.65 [pii] 10.1038/ng. z k~||7YSuominen, K. Mantere, O. Valtonen, H. Arvilommi, P. Leppamaki, S. Paunio, T. Isometsa, E.2007uEarly age at onset of bipolar disorder is associated with more severe clinical features but delayed treatment seeking698-705Bipolar Disord97 2007/11/09Adolescent Adult Age Factors Age of Onset Bipolar Disorder/ diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Diagnosis, Differential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Hospitalization Humans Male Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology Middle Aged Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/ statistics & numerical data Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Retrospective Studies Severity of Illness IndexNovOBJECTIVE: Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive view of differences between bipolar disorder (BD) patients with onset at early versus adult age in a representative study cohort. METHODS: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 1,630 psychiatric in- and outpatients were systematically screened for BD using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). A total of 191 bipolar I and II patients with a current DSM-IV episode were interviewed to obtain information about age at onset of mood symptoms, clinical course, treatment, comorbidity, and functional status. The patients were classified as either early onset (<18 years) or adult onset. RESULTS: One-third of subjects with BD (58/191, 30%) had early onset. This was associated with female gender, more lifetime psychotic symptoms, greater overall comorbidity, and a greater length of time from first episode to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although BD patients with early age at onset have more severe clinical features and illness course, the delays from first episode to treatment and to correct diagnosis are longer than for those with adult onset disorder. To reduce morbidity rates related to the most severe forms of BD, the recognition and diagnosis of BD during adolescence needs to be improved.Suominen, Kirsi Mantere, Outi Valtonen, Hanna Arvilommi, Petri Leppamaki, Sami Paunio, Tiina Isometsa, Erkki Comparative Study Denmark Bipolar disorders Bipolar Disord. 2007 Nov;9(7):698-705.1398-5647 (Print)179883593.494|Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. kirsi.suominen@ktl.fi3BDI388 [pii] 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.0038  }||7?Torvinen, E. Lehtola, M. J. Martikainen, P. J. Miettinen, I. T.2007Survival of Mycobacterium avium in drinking water biofilms as affected by water flow velocity, availability of phosphorus, and temperature6201-7Appl Environ Microbiol7319 2007/08/07Biofilms/ growth & development Bioreactors Fresh Water/ microbiology In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods Mycobacterium avium/genetics/ isolation & purification Phosphorus/ metabolism Temperature Water Purification/methods Water SupplyOct3Mycobacterium avium is a potential pathogen occurring in drinking water systems. It is a slowly growing bacterium producing a thick cell wall containing mycolic acids, and it is known to resist chlorine better than many other microbes. Several studies have shown that pathogenic bacteria survive better in biofilms than in water. By using Propella biofilm reactors, we studied how factors generally influencing the growth of biofilms (flow rate, phosphorus concentration, and temperature) influence the survival of M. avium in drinking water biofilms. The growth of biofilms was followed by culture and DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, and concentrations of M. avium were determined by culture and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. The spiked M. avium survived in biofilms for the 4-week study period without a dramatic decline in concentration. The addition of phosphorus (10 microg/liter) increased the number of heterotrophic bacteria in biofilms but decreased the culturability of M. avium. The reason for this result is probably that phosphorus increased competition with other microbes. An increase in flow velocity had no effect on the survival of M. avium, although it increased the growth of biofilms. A higher temperature (20 degrees C versus 7 degrees C) increased both the number of heterotrophic bacteria and the survival of M. avium in biofilms. In conclusion, the results show that in terms of affecting the survival of slowly growing M. avium in biofilms, temperature is a more important factor than the availability of nutrients like phosphorus.Torvinen, Eila Lehtola, Markku J Martikainen, Pertti J Miettinen, Ilkka T Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Applied and environmental microbiology Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Oct;73(19):6201-7. Epub 2007 Aug 3.0099-2240 (Print)176754273.532Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. eila.torvinen@ktl.fi-AEM.00828-07 [pii] 10.1128/AEM.00828 ~||7/Hyyppa, M. T. Maki, J. Impivaara, O. Aromaa, A.2007Individual-level measures of social capital as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective study of men and women in Finland589-97Eur J Epidemiol229 2007/07/27Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cardiovascular Diseases/ mortality Cause of Death Female Finland/epidemiology Health Surveys Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Social SupportCIndividual-level social capital was assessed for prediction of mortality in a nationally representative study population aged 30-99 years at the baseline. A total of 90% of the original sample had participated in a comprehensive health examination (Mini-Finland Health Survey) in 1978-1980. After the first 5 years of the 24-year follow-up period, 1,196 of 3,014 men and 1,280 of 3,689 women died. Individual-level social capital was determined by factor analysis that revealed three factors: residential stability, leisure participation and interpersonal trust. Factor analysis showed a gender difference in leisure social participation. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Adjusted for demographic, life style and biological risk factors, and for health and socio-economic status, leisure participation was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in men (hazard ratio, HR: 0.94; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.89-1.00). This association seems to be related to economic status in men. Age modifies the effect of interpersonal trust on all-cause mortality in men. In women, leisure participation (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-1.00) and interpersonal trust (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51-0.93) predicted all-cause mortality, and the latter also cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). The associations between individual-level social capital and mortality are gender- and age-related. Understanding the gender and age perspectives appears to be essential for better insight into the interrelations between social capital and health.Hyyppa, Markku T Maki, Juhani Impivaara, Olli Aromaa, Arpo Netherlands European journal of epidemiology Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(9):589-97. Epub 2007 Jul 25.0393-2990 (Print)176536041.605Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Peltolantie 3, Turku 20720, Finland. markku.hyyppa@ktl.fi10.1007/s10654-007- M ;~|?Kilpelainen, T. O. Lakka, T. A. Laaksonen, D. E. Lindstrom, J. Eriksson, J. G. Valle, T. T. Hamalainen, H. Ilanne-Parikka, P. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Lindi, V. Tuomilehto, J. Uusitupa, M. Laakso, M.2008PSNPs in PPARG associate with type 2 diabetes and interact with physical activity25-33+Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise401ArticleJanPurpose: To study the associations of seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the interactions of the SNPs with physical activity (PA). Methods: Overweight individuals with IGT who participated in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (N = 479) were followed, on average, 4.2 yr. PA was assessed yearly with a 12-month validated questionnaire. Results: In Cox regression analyses, the rare alleles of rs 17036314 and rs 1801282 (Pro 12Ala) predicted conversion to T2D (P = 0.03 8 and 0.03 7, respectively), but only rs 1703 6314 predicted T2D after adjustment for baseline fasting glucose (P = 0.030). The change in the total amount of PA, stratified by median, modified the association of rs 17036314 and rs 1801282 with the risk of T2D during the intervention (P = 0.002 and 0.03 1, respectively, for interaction between PA change and genotype); an increase in PA seemed to remove the effect of the risk alleles. The distinct rs 1152003 polymorphism interacted with the study group on the conversion to T2D (P = 0.027) and tended to increase the risk of T2D in the intervention group (P = 0.050). No interaction between rs 1152003 and the change in PA was found. Conclusions: The rs 17036314, rs 1801282 (Pro12Ala), and rs 1152003 were associated with the risk of T2D) in the DPS. Increased PA seemed to decrease the effect of the risk alleles of rs 17036314 and rs 1801282 on the conversion to T2D. The effect of rs 1152003 was modified by other lifestyle changes or the lifestyle intervention as a whole.://000251870900005Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. Lakka, Timo A. Laaksonen, David E. Lindstrom, Jaana Eriksson, Johan G. Valle, Timo T. Hamalainen, Helena Ilanne-Parikka, Pirjo Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Lindi, Virpi Tuomilehto, Jaakko Uusitupa, Matti Laakso, Markku 0195-9131ISI:00025~|?-Keski-Nisula, L. Jarvelin, M. R. Pekkanen, J.2007xNo association between placental weight or ratio at birth and risk of atopy, hay fever, or asthma at the age of 31 years416-417>Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology176Article://000251722400014-Keski-Nisula, L. Jarvelin, M. R. Pekkanen, J. 1018-9068ISI:00025 ~|?HHonkonen, T. I. Aro, T. A. Isometsa, E. T. Virtanen, E. M. Katila, H. O.2007Quality of treatment and disability compensation in depression: Comparison of 2 nationally representative samples with a 10-year interval in Finland 1886-1893Journal of Clinical Psychiatry6812ArticleDecObjective: Depressive disorders cause substantial work impairment that can lead to disability compensation. The authors compared treatment received for depression preceding disability pension between 2 nationally representative samples with a 10-year interval. Method: The medical statements for 2 random samples drawn from the Finnish national disability pension registers, representing populations granted a disability pension for DSM-III-R major depression during a 12-month period from October 1993 through September 1994 (N=277) and for ICD-10 depressive disorders (F32 - F33) from October 2003 through September 2004 (N=265) were examined. The proportions of persons receiving weekly psychotherapy, antidepressants, adequate antidepressant dosage, sequential antidepressant trials, lithium augmentation, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were compared. Results: No significant differences emerged between the 2 samples, except for the adequacy of antidepressant dosage. Few subjects in either of the samples (8.7% for 1993 - 1994 vs. 10.6% for 2003 - 2004, p=.45) had received weekly psychotherapy. Most had received antidepressants (87.4% vs. 85.6%, p=.55) with increasingly adequate dosage (75.6% vs. 85.0%, p=.02), but only a minority had received sequential antidepressant trials (39.5% vs. 44.5 %, p=.24). Lithium augmentation and ECT were rare (1.1% vs. 1.5%, p=.66 and 4.0% vs. 1.5%, p=.08, respectively). Even in 2003 - 2004, over half of the subjects were granted a disability pension without sequential antidepressant trials. Conclusion: This nationally representative study indicates that, despite an increased antidepressant use and improved practice guidelines for depression, a considerable proportion of the people granted long-term compensation for depression seem to be suboptimally treated. Given the enormous costs of the disability, attention to the quality of treatment provided for depression is warranted before long-term disability compensations are granted.://000252045900008ZHonkonen, Teija I. Aro, Timo A. Isometsa, Erkki T. Virtanen, E. Marianna Katila, Heikki O. 0160-6689ISI:0002520 ~|? Yan, D. Mayranpaa, M. I. Wong, J. Perttila, J. Lehto, M. Jauhiainen, M. Kovanen, P. T. Ehnholm, C. Brown, A. J. Olkkonen, V. M.2008aOSBP-related protein 8 (ORP8) suppresses ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux from macrophages332-340Journal of Biological Chemistry2831ArticleJanORP8 is a previously unexplored member of the family of oxysterol-binding protein- related proteins (ORP). We now report the expression pattern, the subcellular distribution, and data on the ligand binding properties and the physiological function of ORP8. ORP8 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) via its C-terminal transmembrane span and binds 25-hydroxycholesterol, identifying it as a new ER oxysterol-binding protein. ORP8 is expressed at highest levels in macrophages, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ORP8 in the shoulder regions of human coronary atherosclerotic lesions, where it is present in CD68(+) macrophages. In advanced lesions the ORP8 mRNA was up-regulated 2.7-fold as compared with healthy coronary artery wall. Silencing of ORP8 by RNA interference in THP-1 macrophages increased the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and concomitantly cholesterol efflux to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I but had no significant effect on ABCG1 expression or cholesterol efflux to spherical high density lipoprotein HDL2. Experiments employing an ABCA1 promoter-luciferase reporter confirmed that ORP8 silencing enhances ABCA1 transcription. The silencing effect was partially attenuated by mutation of the DR4 element in the ABCA1 promoter and synergized with that of the liver X receptor agonist T0901317. Furthermore, inactivation of the E-box in the promoter synergized with ORP8 silencing, suggesting that the suppressive effect of ORP8 involves both the liver X receptor and the E-box functions. Our data identify ORP8 as a negative regulator of ABCA1 expression and macrophage cholesterol efflux. ORP8 may, thus, modulate the development of atherosclerosis.://000251940300037Yan, Daoguang Mayranpaa, Mikko I. Wong, Jenny Perttila, Julia Lehto, Markku Jauhiainen, Matti Kovanen, Petri T. Ehnholm, Christian Brown, Andrew J. Olkkonen, Vesa M. 0021-9258ISI:000251w~|? HKiss, J. Yegutkin, G. G. Koskinen, K. Savunen, T. Jalkanen, S. Salmi, M.2007AIFN-beta protects from vascular leakage via up-regulation of CD73 3334-3338European Journal of Immunology3712ArticleDecChanges in endothelial permeability are crucial in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Adenosine is one of the endogenous mediators controlling endothelial permeability under normal conditions, and an endothelial cell surface enzyme CD73 is a key regulator of adenosine production. Here we report that IFN-beta is a novel inducer of CD73. We found that pretreatment with IFN-beta dramatically improved the vascular barrier function in lungs after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in wild-type animals in vivo. IFN-beta had absolutely no protective effects in CD73-deficient mice, which suffered from more severe lung damage than wild-type mice, showing that IFN-beta functions strictly in a CD73-dependent manner. Most importantly, IFN-beta treatment initiated after the ischemic period almost completely inhibited vascular leakage during the reperfusion. IFN-beta also induced the expression and activity of CD73 and concurrently decreased vascular permeability in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. These data show that induction of CD73 and improvement of vascular barrier are new mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory action of IFN-beta. Moreover, IFN-beta treatment may be useful in alleviating vascular leakage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.://000251956800010ZKiss, Jan Yegutkin, Gennady G. Koskinen, Kaisa Savunen, Tirno Jalkanen, Sirpa Salmi, Marko 0014-2980ISI:0002519M;~t|? nGronroos, P. Raitakari, O. T. Kahonen, M. Hutri-Kahonen, N. Juonala, M. Marniemi, J. Viikari, J. Lehtimaki, T.2008Relation of apolipoprotein E polymorphism to markers of early atherosclerotic changes in young adults - The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study29-34Circulation Journal721ArticleJan#Background Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), which is measured by ultrasound, is used in the assessment of early atherosclerotic changes, and has been associated with apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism in many studies comprising elderly subjects. However, results are still inconclusive and data relating to young adults are missing. Whether common APOE polymorphism is related to carotid IMT was studied in a population of young adults. Also brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid artery compliance (CAC) were determined to clarify their relation to this genetic factor. Methods and Results A total of 1,188 young adults (aged 24-39 years) participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with complete data of common APOE polymorphism underwent a carotid and brachial ultrasound. Patients' lipid levels and blood pressure were also examined. There was no significant association between the APOE phenotypes and carotid IMT, brachial FMD or CAC either in young men or in young women. The results were similar for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In the same population, the well-known association between APOE phenotypes and lipids was seen. Conclusions Common APOE polymorphism does not seem to be an independent genetic determinant of carotid IMT,brachial FMD or CAC.://000251994600004Gronroos, Paula Raitakari, Olli T. Kaehoenen, Mika Hutri-Kaehoenen, Nina Juonala, Markus Marniemi, Jukka Viikari, Jorma Lehtimaeki, Terho 1346-9843ISI:00025 , ~`|? Magnussen, C. G. Raitakari, O. T. Thomson, R. Juonala, M. Patel, D. A. Viikari, J. S. A. Marniemi, J. Srinivasan, S. R. Berenson, G. S. Dwyer, T. Venn, A.2008Utility of currently recommended pediatric dyslipidemia classifications in predicting dyslipidemia in adulthood - Evidence from the childhood determinants of adult health (CDAH) study, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and Bogalusa Heart Study32-42 Circulation1171ArticleJan/Background-New age- and sex-specific lipoprotein cut points developed from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data are considered to be a more accurate classification of a high-risk lipoprotein level in adolescents compared with existing cut points established by the National Cholesterol Education Program ( NCEP). The aim of this study was to determine which of the NHANES or NCEP adolescent lipoprotein classifications was most effective for predicting abnormal levels in adulthood. Methods and Results-Adolescent and adult measures of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected in 365 Australian, 1185 Finnish, and 273 US subjects participating in 3 population-based prospective cohort studies. Lipoprotein variables in adolescence were classified according to NCEP and NHANES cut points and compared for their ability to predict abnormal levels in adulthood. With the use of diagnostic performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under receiver operating characteristic curve) in pooled and cohort-stratified data, the NHANES cut points (compared with NCEP cut points) were more strongly predictive of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults but less predictive of high total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels in adults. We identified heterogeneity in the relative usefulness of each classification between cohorts. Conclusions-The separate use of NHANES cut points for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and NCEP cut points for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides yielded the most accurate classification of adolescents who developed dyslipidemia in adulthood.://000252094100008Magnussen, Costan G. Raitakari, Olli T. Thomson, Russell Juonala, Markus Patel, Dharmendrakumar A. Viikari, Jorma S. A. Marniemi, Jukka Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. Dwyer, Terence Venn, Alison 0009-7322ISI:0002520~H|? PFaupel-Badger, J. M. Diaw, L. Albanes, D. Virtamo, J. Woodson, K. Tangrea, J. A.2007yLack of association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer in finnish men 2784-2786+Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention1612Editorial MaterialDec://000251856100037hFaupel-Badger, Jessica M. Diaw, Lena Albanes, Demetrius Virtamo, Jarmo Woodson, Karen Tangrea, Joseph A. 1055-9965ISI:00025VC~0|?Yuille, M. van Ommen, G. J. Brechot, C. Cambon-Thomsen, A. Dagher, G. Landegren, U. Litton, J. E. Pasterk, M. Peltonen, L. Taussig, M. Wichmann, H. E. Zatloukal, K.2008Biobanking for Europe14-24Briefings in Bioinformatics91ArticleJan,Biobanks are well-organized resources comprising biological samples and associated information that are accessible to scientific investigation. Across Europe, millions of samples with related data are held in different types of collections. While individual collections can be well organized and accessible, the resources are subject to fragmentation, insecurity of funding and incompleteness. To address these issues, a Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Infrastructure (BBMRI) is to be developed across Europe, thereby implementing a European roadmap for research infrastructures that was developed by a forum of EU member states and that has been received by the European Commission. In this review, we describe the work involved in preparing for the construction of BBMRI in a European and global context.://000251864600002Yuille, Martin van Ommen, Gert-Jan Brechot, Christian Cambon-Thomsen, Anne Dagher, Georges Landegren, Ulf Litton, Jan-Eric Pasterk, Markus Peltonen, Leena Taussig, Mike Wichmann, H-Erich Zatloukal, Kurt 1467-5463ISI:00025{~|?Collings, A. Islam, S. Juonala, M. Rontu, R. Kahonen, M. Hutri-Kahonen, N. Laitinen, T. Marniemi, J. Viikari, J. S. A. Raitakari, O. T. Lehtimaki, T. J.2007Associations between connexin37 gene polymorphism and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study379-384Atherosclerosis1952ArticleDecObjective: Connexm37 (cx37) C1019T polymorphism has been shown to associate with coronary artery disease in different populations. We investigated whether this polymorphism associates with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid artery compliance (CAC) and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) - i.e., early ultrasound markers of subclinical atherosclerosis - in a clinically healthy Population of young Finnish adults. Methods and results: 1440 individuals front the Cardiovascular Riskin Young Finns study were genotyped and studied using cardiovascular risk factor and ultrasound data obtained in 2001. In linear regression models, no significant association between the cx37 polymorphism and carotid IMT, CAC orbrachial artery FMD (ANOVA,p =0.159,0.151 and 0.547), respectively, was found in the whole population or in women and men separately. Conclusions: The connexin37 C1019T polymorphism is not related with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.Ltd://000251840000021Collings, Auni Islam, Shaheenul Juonala, Markus Rontu, Riikka Kahonen, Mika Hutri-Kahonen, Nina Laitinen, Tomi Marniemi, Jukka Viikari, Jorma S. A. Raitakari, Olli T. Lehtimaki, Terho J. 0021-9150ISI:000251sc}|?YPitkaranta, M. Meklin, T. Hyvarinen, A. Paulin, L. Auvinen, P. Nevalainen, A. Rintala, H.2008iAnalysis of fungal flora in indoor dust by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, quantitative PCR, and culture233-244&Applied and Environmental Microbiology741ArticleJanIn recent years increasing attention has been given to the potential health effects of fungal exposure in indoor environments. We used large-scale sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA to describe the mycoflora of two office buildings over the four seasons. DNA sequencing was complemented by cultivation, ergosterol determination, and quantitative PCR analyses. Sequences of 1,339 clones were clustered into 394 nonredundant fungal operational taxonomical units containing sequences from 18 fungal subclasses. The observed flora differed markedly from that recovered by cultivation, the major differences being the near absence of several typical indoor mold genera such as Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. and a high prevalence of basidiomycetes in clone libraries. A total of 55% of the total diversity constituted of unidentifiable ITS sequences, some of which may represent novel fungal species. Dominant species were Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. herbarum, Cryptococcus victoriae, Leptosphaerulina americana and L. chartarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Thekopsora areolata, Phaeococcomyces nigricans, Macrophoma sp., and several Malassezia species. Seasonal differences were observed for community composition, with ascomycetous molds and basidiomycetous yeasts predominating in the winter and spring and Agaricomycetidae basidiomycetes predominating in the fall. The comparison of methods suggested that the cloning, cultivation, and quantitative PCR methods complemented each other, generating a more comprehensive picture of fungal flora than any of the methods would give alone. The current restrictions of the methods are discussed.://000252195200027YPitkaranta, M. Meklin, T. Hyvarinen, A. Paulin, L. Auvinen, P. Nevalainen, A. Rintala, H. 0099-2240ISI:0002521 M|?3Hu, G. Jousilahti, P. Antikainen, R. Tuomilehto, J.2007Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to cardiovascular mortality among Finnish subjects with hypertension 1242-1250 American Journal of Hypertension2012ArticleDecBackground: The association between different types of physical activity and cardiovascular risk among hypertensive subjects is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of occupational. commuting, and leisure-time physical activity on cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive patients. Methods: Study cohorts included 26,643 hypertensive Finnish men and women who were aged 25 to 64 years and free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and Type 1 diabetes. Results: During a mean follow-up of 19.9 years (range, 6.6 to 31.7 years), 3743 subjects died because of cardiovascular disease. The multivariate-adjusted (age, study year, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, use of antihypertensive drugs, and diabetes at baseline or during follow-up, and the other two kinds of physical activity) hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality associated with low, moderate, and high occupational physical activity were 1.00, 0.84, and 0.86 (P for trend =.006), respectively, for hypertensive men, and 1.00, 0.85, and 0.84 (P for trend =.014), respectively, for hypertensive women. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality associated with low, moderate, and high leisure-time physical activity were 1.00, 0.84, and 0.73 (P for trend <.001), respectively, for hypertensive men, and 1.00, 0.78, and 0.76 (P for trend <.001), respectively, for hypertensive women. Active commuting to and from work was significantly associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive women. Conclusions: Moderate or high levels of occupational or leisure-time physical activity reduce cardiovascular mortality among both men and women with hypertension. Walking or cycling to and from work daily reduces cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive women. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:1242-1250 (c) 2007 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.://000251804700002@Hu, Gang Jousilahti, Pekka Antikainen, Riitta Tuomilehto, Jaakko 0895-7061ISI:0002518047000023.116 -07 [doi]eng 952000273.5328400000213.811 8.x [doi]eng 186460000224.370 18561000374.2899410000810.940 19946000042.135 9153-y [doi]eng 568000104.7729403000375.808 459000085.533 17224000141.028 18709000052.909 2007.65 [doi]EngPKT<8I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! 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