PKe8;)\\refs.MYDԈ|7=Puisto, V. Rissanen, H. Heliovaara, M. Knekt, P. Helenius, I.2008lMortality in the presence of a vertebral fracture, scoliosis, or Scheuermann's disease in the thoracic spine595-601 Ann Epidemiol188 2008/07/26Aug/PURPOSE: Vertebral fractures and scoliosis, unlike Scheuermann's disease, have been associated with increased mortality. Total and cause-specific mortalities of these spinal deformities were studied to produce epidemiologic knowledge. METHODS: A population of 16,010 Finnish men and women 20 to 92 years of age participated in a health examination from 1973-1976. Their spinal deformities were assessed from chest radiographs by two radiologists. Logistic regression and Cox's model were used to estimate risk ratios and to control confounding. The follow-up period was 30 years. RESULTS: Vertebral fracture significantly predicted total mortality, and this increase in mortality was due to an excess of cancer and respiratory deaths. The increased risk of cancer death persisted even when those subjects with a history of cancer and the first 5 years of follow-up were excluded to avoid the effect of metastatic fractures, and when confounding was controlled. In this analysis the relative risk of cancer death in subjects with a baseline vertebral fracture was 2.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-3.31). CONCLUSION: Vertebral fracture significantly predicted increased mortality from cancer. To clarify the mechanism, the fractures should be studied further for their associations with defined and site-specific cancer types.18652976Puisto, Ville Rissanen, Harri Heliovaara, Markku Knekt, Paul Helenius, Ilkka Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Annals of epidemiology Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Aug;18(8):595-601.1873-2585 (Electronic)2.353{National Public Health Institute and the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland. ville.puisto@helsinki.fiAS1047-2797(08)00097-5 [pii] 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.՜|7ILangel, K. Engblom, C. Pehrsson, A. Gunnar, T. Ariniemi, K. Lillsunde, P.2008BDrug testing in oral fluid-evaluation of sample collection devices393-401J Anal Toxicol326 2008/07/26JulNine different oral fluid (OF) collection devices were studied to evaluate their suitability for collecting samples for drug analysis. The devices were Greiner Bio-One, Orasure Intercept(R), Immunalysis Quantisaltrade mark, StatSure Saliva.Samplertrade mark, Cozart(R), Sarstedt Salivette(R), Malvern Medical OraCol, Acro Biotech Salicule, and Varian OraTubetrade mark. For comparison, OF was also collected into plastic tubes. The volume of collected OF was quantified for samples collected both in vitro and from volunteers. Drug recovery was studied by collecting OF fortified at 1000 ng/mL with amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, morphine, codeine, diazepam, and alprazolam with the devices in vitro and analyzing the samples with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recovery of ethanol was measured from 0.2% in OF by headspace gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection. The stability of drugs in the samples was studied by analyzing the samples after 0, 14, and 28 days storage. The study shows that there are substantial differences between the OF collection devices on the market. Some are well suited for collecting samples for toxicological analysis, but some give quite poor results.18652744Langel, Kaarina Engblom, Charlotta Pehrsson, Anna Gunnar, Teemu Ariniemi, Kari Lillsunde, Pirjo United States Journal of analytical toxicology J Anal Toxicol. 2008 Jul;32(6):393-401.0146-4760 (Print)2.068cNational Public Health Institute, Drug Research Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300,հF7Kroneman, A. Verhoef, L. Harris, J. Vennema, H. Duizer, E. van Duynhoven, Y. Gray, J. Iturriza, M. Bottiger, B. Falkenhorst, G. Johnsen, C. von Bonsdorff, C. H. Maunula, L. Kuusi, M. Pothier, P. Gallay, A. Schreier, E. Hohne, M. Koch, J. Szucs, G. Reuter, G. Krisztalovics, K. Lynch, M. McKeown, P. Foley, B. Coughlan, S. Ruggeri, F. M. Di Bartolo, I. Vainio, K. Isakbaeva, E. Poljsak-Prijatelj, M. Grom, A. H. Mijovski, J. Z. Bosch, A. Buesa, J. Fauquier, A. S. Hernandez-Pezzi, G. Hedlund, K. O. Koopmans, M.2008Analysis of integrated virological and epidemiological reports of norovirus outbreaks collected within the foodborne Viruses in Europe network from 1-7-2001 to 30-6-2006J Clin Microbiol 2008/07/25Jul 23The Food-borne viruses in Europe network has developed integrated epidemiological and virological outbreak reporting with aggregation and sharing of data through a joint database. We analyzed data from reported outbreaks of NoV gastroenteritis from 13 European countries (July 2001-July 2006) for trends in time and indications of different epidemiology of genotypes and variants. Of the 13 countries participating in this surveillance network, 11 were capable of collecting integrated epidemiological and virological surveillance data and 10 countries reported outbreaks throughout the entire period. Large differences in the numbers and rates of reported outbreaks per country were observed, reflecting the differences in the focus and coverage of national surveillance systems. GII.4 strains predominated throughout the 5 year surveillance period, but the proportion of outbreaks associated with GII.4 rose remarkably during years in which NoV activity was particularly high. Spring and summer peaks indicated the emergence of genetically distinct variants within GII.4 across Europe and were followed by increased NoV activity during the 2002/2003 and 2004/2005 winter seasons. GII.4 viruses predominated in health care settings and in person to person transmission. The consecutive emergence of new GII.4 variants is highly indicative of immune driven selection. Their predominance in health care settings suggests properties that facilitate transmission in settings with a high concentration of people such as higher virus loads in excreta, or a higher incidence of vomiting. Understanding the mechanisms driving the changes in epidemiology and clinical impact of these rapidly evolving RNA viruses is essential to design effective intervention and prevention measures.18650354?Journal of clinical microbiology J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jul 23.1098-660X (Electronic)3.708UNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, England; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Helsinki, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; University of Dijon, France; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, St. Maurice, France; Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany; Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pecs, Hungary; National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary; Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland; National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland; Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Barcelona, Spain; University of Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.-JCM.00499-08 [pii] 10.1128/JCM.00499 |7bTuomisto, J. Pekkanen, J. Kiviranta, H. Tukiainen, E. Vartiainen, T. Viluksela, M. Tuomisto, J. T.2006)Dioxin Cancer Risk - Example of Hormesis?332-341 Dose Response33 2008/07/24?A recent case-control study implied an inverse correlation between the measured body burden of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/F) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma in normal population exposed to dioxins mainly via food. The surprising result could not be explained by biases or confounding. There is no a priori confounding by occupational chemicals in a random sample from general population, but exposures to other lipid soluble chemicals with similar sources might be expected to associate with that of dioxins. One such group is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Therefore three most relevant dioxin-like PCB compounds PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were now analyzed from the same patients. Cases were 110 soft-tissue sarcoma patients undergoing surgery for their disease, and referents were 227 patients operated for appendicitis. Dioxin and PCB concentrations were analyzed from subcutaneous fat samples by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and TCDD equivalent concentrations (WHO-TEq) were calculated by using toxicity equivalency factors of WHO. The highest risk of sarcoma was found in the septile with the lowest body burden of sum WHO-TEq, and the differences of septiles 2 and 6 from septile 1 were statistically significant. If soft sarcoma risk is true at high occupational levels of dioxins, the provocative result suggests that a possibility of a J-shaped dose-response curve should be taken into consideration and studied further. This is also supported by the similar J-shaped dose responses in animal studies.18648613DENV-CT96-0336/United Kingdom European Commission QLK4-1999-01446/United Kingdom European Commission 43984/United Kingdom European Commission 53307/United Kingdom Academy of Finland 77298/United Kingdom Academy of Finland Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society Dose Response. 2006 May 1;3(3):332-341.1559-3258 (Electronic)VDepartment of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.&10.2203/dose-response.003.03.004 [doi]Eng J ;F7EPaetau, A. Honkala, H. Salonen, R. Ignatius, J. Kestila, M. Herva, R.2008\Hydrolethalus Syndrome: Neuropathology of 21 Cases Confirmed by HYLS1 Gene Mutation AnalysisJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2008/07/24Jul 21ABSTRACT: Hydrolethalus syndrome is a lethal malformation syndrome with a severe brain malformation, most often hydrocephaly and absent midline structures. Other frequent findings are micrognathia, polydactyly, and defective lobation of the lungs. Hydrolethalus syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by a missense mutation in the HYLS1 gene. Here, we report the neuropathologic features of 21 genetically confirmed cases. Typically, 2 separated cerebral hemispheres could be identified, but they lacked midline and olfactory structures and were situated basally with a massive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Temporal and occipital lobes were hypoplastic, and normally developed hippocampi were not found. Primitive thalami and basal ganglia were fused in the midline. A hypothalamic hamartoma was a frequent finding, and brainstem and cerebellum were hypoplastic. Three cases were hydranencephalic, and 1 was anencephalic. A midline "keyhole" defect in the skull base was a constant finding. Histologically, the cortex was dysplastic. This pattern of brain pathology, clearly belonging to the midline patterning defects, seems to be unique for the hydrolethalus syndrome and combines features of disturbed neurulation, prosencephalization, and migration. Despite variation in the clinicopathologic phenotype, all cases in the series carried the same homozygous missense mutation in HYLS1.18648327[Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008 Jul 21.0022-3069 (Print)4.718From the Department of Pathology (AP), HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; Department of Molecular Medicine (HH, MK), National Public Health Institute and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (RS), Vaestoliitto, Helsinki; Department of Clinical Genetics (JI), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; and Department of Clinical Genetics (RH), University of Oulu and Department of Pathology, Oulu University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland."10.1097/NEN.0b013e318180eՈF7\Toropainen, M. Raitolehto, A. Henckaerts, I. Wauters, D. Poolman, J. Lestrate, P. Kayhty, H.2008PNEUMOCOCCAL HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE PROTEIN D CONJUGATE VACCINE INDUCE ANTIBODIES THAT INHIBIT GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVITY OF PROTEIN D Infect Immun 2008/07/23Jul 21~Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) outer membrane protein D (PD) is a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) activity possessing virulence factor and a promising vaccine antigen, providing 35.3% efficacy against acute otitis media caused by nontypeable Hi (NTHi) when used as a carrier protein in a novel pneumococcal PD conjugate (Pnc-PD) vaccine. To study if PD-induced protection against NTHi could be due to antibodies that inhibit, or neutralize, its enzymatic activity, a GlpQ enzyme-inhibition assay was developed and serum samples collected from Finnish infants before and after Pnc-PD vaccination were analyzed for enzyme inhibition and anti-PD immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentration. Before vaccination at age 2 months, the majority (84%) of infants (n=69) had no detectable anti-PD IgG antibodies and all were enzyme inhibition assay negative (inhibition index < 20). At age 13-16 months, all infants receiving 3 or 4 doses of Pnc-PD had detectable anti-PD IgG antibodies and 36% (8/22) of the infants receiving 3 doses and 26% (6/23) of the infants receiving 4 doses of Pnc-PD were inhibition assay positive (inhibition index >/=20). No significant rise in anti-PD IgG antibodies or enzyme inhibition among control vaccinees (n=24) receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine was detected. A modest correlation (rs approximately 0.66) between anti-PD IgG concentration and enzyme inhibition was detected; however, their kinetics were clearly different. These data suggest that measurement of antibody responses that inhibit PD's enzymatic activity could be a useful tool for assessing Pnc-PD vaccine induced protective immunity against NTHi.186448771Infection and immunity Infect Immun. 2008 Jul 21.1098-5522 (Electronic)3.996National Public Health Institute (KTL), Department of Vaccines, Helsinki, Finland; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium.-IAI.00418-08 [pii] 10.1128/IAI.00418`F7@Hatonen, T. Forsblom, S. Kieseppa, T. Lonnqvist, J. Partonen, T.2008TCircadian phenotype in patients with the co-morbid alcohol use and bipolar disordersAlcohol Alcohol 2008/07/23Jul 20AIMS: Alcohol misuse is associated with bipolar disorder. Abnormalities in the circadian clockwork play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Alcohol intake is likely to affect the circadian phenotype. We aimed at analysing the behavioural trait of the preference to morning or evening hours for the daily activities in bipolar disorder patients with or without the co-morbid alcohol use. METHODS: Our nationwide sample of families included patients with bipolar disorder born during 1940-1969 having at least one hospitalization due to bipolar disorder during 1969-1991 and their first-degree relatives. All the 148 participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire whose factor matrix applying for the maximum likelihood principle was calculated for the first time. RESULTS: Patients with the co-morbid alcohol use disorder were more of the morning type as compared with patients with bipolar disorder only. CONCLUSIONS: Co-morbid patients preferred more the morning hours for their daily activities, indicative of alcohol consumption having an effect on the circadian clock.18644800JAlcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Jul 20.1464-3502 (Electronic)2.092fDepartment of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.(agn057 [pii] 10.1093/alcalc/agn u cԠF7iDonner, J. Pirkola, S. Silander, K. Kananen, L. Terwilliger, J. D. Lonnqvist, J. Peltonen, L. Hovatta, I.2008pAn Association Analysis of Murine Anxiety Genes in Humans Implicates Novel Candidate Genes for Anxiety DisordersBiol Psychiatry 2008/07/22Jul 16BACKGROUND: Human anxiety disorders are complex diseases with largely unknown etiology. We have taken a cross-species approach to identify genes that regulate anxiety-like behavior with inbred mouse strains that differ in their innate anxiety levels as a model. We previously identified 17 genes with expression levels that correlate with anxiety behavior across the studied strains. In the present study, we tested their 13 known human homologues as candidate genes for human anxiety disorders with a genetic association study. METHODS: We describe an anxiety disorder study sample derived from a Finnish population-based cohort and consisting of 321 patients and 653 carefully matched control subjects, all interviewed to obtain DSM-IV diagnoses. We genotyped altogether 208 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (all non-synonymous SNPs, SNPs that alter potential microRNA binding sites, and gap-filling SNPs selected on the basis of HapMap information) from the investigated anxiety candidate genes. RESULTS: Specific alleles and haplotypes of six of the examined genes revealed some evidence for association (p Lajunen, Taina Vikatmaa, Pirkka Ikonen, Tuija Lepantalo, Mauri Lounatmaa, Kari Sormunen, Raija Rantala, Aino Leinonen, Maija Saikku, Pekka Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Jun;61(2):156-64. Epub 2008 Mar 4.0732-8893 (Print)2.448aRespiratory Infection Unit, National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland. taina.lajunen@ktl.fiDS0732-8893(08)00058-8 [pii] 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.0 D|7 MHalonen, J. I. Lanki, T. Yli-Tuomi, T. Kulmala, M. Tiittanen, P. Pekkanen, J.2008GUrban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits635-41Thorax637 2008/02/13MAdolescent Adult Air Pollution/ adverse effects Asthma/ chemically induced Emergency Service, Hospital/ utilization Finland Humans Middle Aged Particulate Matter/ toxicity Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ statistics & numerical data Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/ chemically induced Urban Health Vehicle Emissions/toxicityJulBACKGROUND: There is little previous information of the effects of size fractioned particulate air pollution and source specific fine particles (PM(2.5); <2.5 microm) on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among children, adults and the elderly. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of daily variation in levels of different particle size fractions and gaseous pollutants on asthma and COPD by age group. METHODS: Levels of particulate air pollution, NO(2) and CO were measured from 1998 to 2004 at central outdoor monitoring sites in Helsinki, Finland. Associations between daily pollution levels and hospital emergency room visits were evaluated for asthma (ICD10: J45+J46) in children <15 years old, and for asthma and COPD (ICD10: J41+J44) in adults (15-64 years) and the elderly (>or=65 years). RESULTS: Three to 5 day lagged increases in asthma visits were found among children in association with nucleation (<0.03 microm), Aitken (0.03-0.1 microm) and accumulation (0.1-0.29 microm) mode particles, gaseous pollutants and traffic related PM(2.5) (7.8% (95% CI 3.5 to 12.3) for 1.1 microg/m(3) increase in traffic related PM(2.5) at lag 4). Pooled asthma-COPD visits among the elderly were associated with lag 0 of PM(2.5), coarse particles, gaseous pollutants and long range transported and traffic related PM(2.5) (3.9% (95% CI 0.28 to 7.7) at lag 0). Only accumulation mode and coarse particles were associated with asthma and COPD among adults. CONCLUSIONS: Among children, traffic related PM(2.5) had delayed effects, whereas among the elderly, several types of particles had effects that were more immediate. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of the respiratory effects of air pollution, and responsible pollutants, differ by age group.18267984Halonen, J I Lanki, T Yli-Tuomi, T Kulmala, M Tiittanen, P Pekkanen, J Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Thorax Thorax. 2008 Jul;63(7):635-41. Epub 2008 Feb 11.1468-3296 (Electronic)6.226National Public Health Institute (KTL), Environmental Epidemiology Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. jaana.halonen@ktl.fi3thx.2007.091371 [pii] 10.1136/thx.2007.,|? /Rintamaki, H. Salo, H. Vaarala, O. Kolho, K. L.2008kNovel means for monitoring the effect of glucocorticoid therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease39-39(Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology43Meeting Abstract://000257329000058GRintamaki, Hanne Salo, Harri Vaarala, Outi Kolho, Kaija-Lena Suppl. 244 0036-5521ISI:00025 S C|?Kajantie, E. Hovi, P. Raikkonen, K. Pesonen, A. K. Heinonen, K. Jarvenpaa, A. L. Eriksson, J. G. Strang-Karlsson, S. Andersson, S.2008Young adults with very low birth weight: Leaving the parental home and sexual relationships - Helsinki study of very low birth weight adultsE62-E72 Pediatrics1221ArticleJulOBJECTIVE. Although most children and adults who are born very preterm live healthy lives, they have, on average, lower cognitive scores, more internalizing behaviors, and deficits in social skills. This could well affect their transition to adulthood. We studied the tempo of first leaving the parental home and starting cohabitation with an intimate partner and sexual experience of young adults with very low birth weight (< 1500 g). METHODS. In conjunction with the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults, 162 very low birth weight individuals and 188 individuals who were born at term (mean age: 22.3 years [range: 18.5-27.1]) and did not have any major disability filled out a questionnaire. For analysis of their ages at events which had not occurred in all subjects, we used survival analysis (Cox regression), adjusted for gender, current height, parents' ages at the birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental educational attainment, number of siblings, and parental divorce/death. RESULTS. During their late teens and early adulthood, these very low birth weight adults were less likely to leave the parental home and to start cohabiting with an intimate partner. In gender-stratified analyses, these hazard ratios were similar between genders, but the latter was statistically significant for women only. These very low birth weight adults were also less likely to experience sexual intercourse. This relationship was statistically significant for women but not for men; however, very low birth weight women and men both reported a smaller lifetime number of sex partners than did control subjects. CONCLUSIONS. Healthy young adults with very low birth weight show a delay in leaving the parental home and starting sexual activity and partnerships.://000257271200069Kajantie, Eero Hovi, Petteri Raikkonen, Katri Pesonen, Anu-Katriina Heinonen, Kati Jarvenpaa, Anna-Liisa Eriksson, Johan G. Strang-Karlsson, Sonja Andersson, Sture 0031-4005ISI:0002572712000694.47310.154|?BOrtega-Alonso, A. Sipila, S. Kujala, U. M. Kaprio, J. Rantanen, T.2008aBody fat and mobility are explained by common genetic and environmental influences in older women 1616-1621Obesity167ArticleJulfIn older adults, mobility limitations often coexist with overweight or obesity, suggesting that similar factors may underlie both traits. This study examined the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the association between adiposity and mobility in older women. Body fat percentage (bioimpedance test), walking speed over 10 m, and distance walked in a 6-min test were evaluated in 92 monozygotic (MZ) and 104 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of twin sisters reared together, aged 63-76 years. Genetic and environmental influences on each trait were estimated using age-adjusted multivariate genetic modeling. The analyses showed that the means ( and s.d.) for body fat percentage, walking speed, and walking endurance were 33.2 +/- 7.3%, 1.7 +/- 0.3 m/s and 529.7 +/- 75.4 m, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between adiposity and walking speed was -0.32 and between adiposity and endurance it was -0.33. Genetic influences explained 80% of the association between adiposity and speed, and 65% of adiposity and walking endurance. Cross-trait genetic influences accounted for 12% of the variability in adiposity, 56% in walking speed, and 34% in endurance. Trait-specific genetic influences were also detected for adiposity (54%) and walking endurance (13%), but not speed. In conclusion, among community-living older women, an inverse association was found between adiposity and mobility that was mostly due to the effect of shared genes. This result suggests that the identification of genetic variants for body fat metabolism may also provide understanding of the development of mobility limitations in older women.://000257325300023WOrtega-Alonso, Alfredo Sipilae, Sarianna Kujala, Urho M. Kaprio, Jaakko Rantanen, Taina 1930-7381ISI:0002573253000231.52010.10|?fLohi, S. Maki, M. Laurila, K. Montonen, J. Bravi, E. Gasparin, M. K-Nekt, P. Reunanen, A. Kaukinen, K.2007HMalignancy in unrecognized celiac disease: Population based cohort study22-223Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition44Meeting AbstractMay://000257526800023oLohi, S. Maki, M. Laurila, K. Montonen, J. Bravi, E. Gasparin, M. K-Nekt, P. Reunanen, A. Kaukinen, K. Suppl. 1 0277-2116ISI:00025752A|?Antretter, E. Dunkel, D. Haring, C. Corcoran, P. De Leo, D. Fekete, S. Hawton, K. Kerkhof, Ajfm Lonnqvist, J. Renberg, E. S. Schmidtke, A. Van Heeringen, K. Wasserman, D.2008uThe factorial structure of the Suicide Intent Scale: a comparative study in clinical samples from 11 European regions63-798International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research172ArticleJunAlthough the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) is a widely used instrument in research on suicidal behavior, comparative research on the latent structure of the SIS has been neglected. To determine whether a general factor model of the SIS is supported, alternative factor models of the SIS were evaluated comparatively in I I clinical samples. The SIS was applied as part of a structured clinical interview to patients after an episode of non-fatal suicidal behavior. The samples were drawn from I I study centers within the frame of the WHO/EURO multicenter study on suicidal behavior. Three different two-factor and two three-factor models of the SIS were examined in each sample using principal component analysis with orthogonal Procrustes rotation. The factorial structure of the 'subjective part' of the SIS (items 9-14) was strongly supported, whereas an acceptable model fit for the 'objective part' was not found. Possible future revisions of 'objective' SIS items may be worth consideration. As a limitation, the results of the study might not generalize to other samples that use different definitions of non-fatal suicidal behavior. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.://000257231900001Antretter, E. Dunkel, D. Haring, C. Corcoran, P. De Leo, D. Fekete, S. Hawton, K. Kerkhof, A. J. F. M. Lonnqvist, J. Renberg, E. Salander Schmidtke, A. Van Heeringen, K. Wasserman, D. 1049-8931ISI:00025723190000110.1002/mpr.231t|?Bradley, E. L. Honkalampi-Hamalainen, U. Weber, A. Andersson, M. A. Bertaud, F. Castle, L. Dahlman, O. Hakulinen, P. Hoornstra, D. Lhuguenot, J. C. Maki-Paakkanen, J. Salkinoja-Salonen, M. Speck, D. R. Severin, I. Stammati, A. Turco, L. Zucco, F. von Wright, A.2008The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments: Preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples 2498-2509Food and Chemical Toxicology467ArticleJulNineteen food contact papers and boards and one non-food contact board were extracted following test protocols developed within European Union funded project BIOSAFEPAPER. The extraction media were either hot or cold water, 95% ethanol or Tenax, according to the end use of the sample. The extractable dry matter content of the samples varied from 1200 to 11,800 mg/kg (0.8-35.5 mg/dm(2)). According to GC-MS the main substances extracted into water were pulp-derived natural products such as fatty acids, resin acids, natural wood sterols and alkanols. Substances extracted into ethanol particularly, were diisopropylnaphthalenes, alkanes and phthalic acid esters. The non-food contact board showed the greatest number and highest concentrations of GC-MS detectable compounds. The extracts were subjected to a battery of in vitro toxicity tests measuring both acute and sublethal cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects. None of the water or Tenax extracts was positive in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity assays. The ethanol extract of the non-food contact board gave a positive response in the genotoxicity assays, and all four ethanol extracts gave positive response(s) in the cytotoxicity assays to some extent. These responses could not be pinpointed to any specific compound, although there appeared a correlation between the total amount of extractables and toxicity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000257480200030Bradley, E. L. Honkalampi-Hamalainen, U. Weber, A. Andersson, M. A. Bertaud, F. Castle, L. Dahlman, O. Hakulinen, P. Hoornstra, D. Lhuguenot, J. -C Maki-Paakkanen, J. Salkinoja-Salonen, M. Speck, D. R. Severin, I. Stammati, A. Turco, L. Zucco, F. von Wright, A. 0278-6915ISI:0002574802000302.18610.1016/`|?WBjork, K. Rimondini, R. Hansson, A. C. Terasmaa, A. Hyytia, P. Heilig, M. Sommer, W. H.2008>Modulation of voluntary ethanol consumption by beta-arrestin 2 2552-2560 Faseb Journal227ArticleJulBeta-arrestin 2 is a multifunctional key component of the G protein-coupled receptor complex and is involved in mu-opiate and dopamine D2 receptor signaling, both of which are thought to mediate the rewarding effects of ethanol consumption. We identified elevated expression of the beta-arrestin 2 gene (Arrb2) in the striatum and the hippocampus of ethanol-preferring AA rats compared to their nonpreferring counterpart ANA line. Differential mRNA expression was accompanied by different levels of Arrb2 protein. The elevated expression was associated with a 7-marker haplotype in complete linkage disequilibrium, which segregated fully between the lines, and was unique to the preferring line. Furthermore, a single, distinct, and highly significant quantitative trait locus for Arrb2 expression in hippocampus and striatum was identified at the locus of this gene, providing evidence that genetic variation may affect a cis-regulatory mechanism for expression and regional control of Arrb2. These findings were functionally validated using mice lacking Arrb2, which displayed both reduced voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol-induced psychomotor stimulation. Our results demonstrate that beta-arrestin 2 modulates acute responses to ethanol and is an important mediator of ethanol reward.://000257292500046WBjork, K. Rimondini, R. Hansson, A. C. Terasmaa, A. Hyytia, P. Heilig, M. Sommer, W. H. 0892-6638ISI:0002572925000466.79110.L|?uSunyer, J. Pistelli, R. Plana, E. Andreani, M. Baldari, F. Kolz, M. Koenig, W. Pekkanen, J. Peters, A. Forastiere, F.2008?Systemic inflammation, genetic susceptibility and lung function92-97European Respiratory Journal321ArticleJulLocal inflammation in airway diseases is well recognised, but less is known about the association between low-grade systemic inflammatory processes and lung function. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between inflammatory markers and lung function, taking into account polymorphisms in genes coding for inflammatory markers. In 134 post-myocardial infarction patients, six repeated measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen in peripheral blood were assayed using high-sensitivity tests. Spirometry was conducted at baseline. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed in genes coding for the inflammatory markers. CRP and IL-6 levels were negatively associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mean forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%). In the CRP gene, both the polymorphism rs1205 and the haplotype 2 showed a protective association with FEV1 and FEF25-75%, and, to a lesser extent, with FVC. rs1205 and haplotype 2 were both negatively associated with CRP levels in peripheral blood. Analysis with instrumental variables also showed a protective effect between these CRP gene polymorphisms and lung function. Results are very suggestive that heritability of lung function is at least partly controlled by the CRP gene. Applying a Mendelian randomisation approach, the study supports a causal association between low-grade general inflammation and airway diseases.://000257300200015uSunyer, J. Pistelli, R. Plana, E. Andreani, M. Baldari, F. Kolz, M. Koenig, W. Pekkanen, J. Peters, A. Forastiere, F. 0903-1936ISI:0002573002000155.34910.1183/09o |?TRoos, E. Talala, K. Laaksonen, M. Helakorpi, S. Rahkonen, O. Uutela, A. Prattala, R.2008MTrends of socioeconomic differences in daily vegetable consumption, 1979-2002823-833&European Journal of Clinical Nutrition627ArticleJulBackground: Studies from different time periods have shown that consumption of vegetables is more common in higher socioeconomic groups and among women. However, there are only few studies of changes of socioeconomic differences in vegetable consumption over time. Our aim was to determine whether socioeconomic differences, measured by educational level and household income, in daily vegetable consumption have increased, decreased or been stable over the last two decades among Finnish men and women. Methods: Data on daily consumption of fresh vegetables were derived from repeated annual cross-sectional surveys performed among representative samples of Finnish working aged ( 15-64 years) population. Data from the years 1979-2002 were linked with data on education and household income from Statistics Finland. Those under 25 years and all students were excluded, giving a total of 69 383 respondents. The main analyses were conducted with logistic regression. Results: Daily consumption of fresh vegetables became overall more prevalent during the study period. Daily consumption of fresh vegetables was more common among those with higher education and higher income during the whole study period. Both educational level and household income differences in daily vegetable consumption slightly narrowed since 1979 among men and women. Conclusions: Women with high socioeconomic position have been initial trend setters, but the prevalence of daily consumers of vegetables in these groups has not increased since the early 1990s. The prevalence of daily consumption of fresh vegetables has increased more in lower educational and income groups during the 1980s and 1990s along with narrowing socioeconomic differences.://000257268600001TRoos, E. Talala, K. Laaksonen, M. Helakorpi, S. Rahkonen, O. Uutela, A. Prattala, R. 0954-3007ISI:0002572686000012.32610.108|?PSaaksjarvi, K. Knekt, P. Rissanen, H. Laaksonen, M. A. Reunanen, A. Mannisto, S.2008GProspective study of coffee consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease908-915&European Journal of Clinical Nutrition627ArticleJul>Objective: To examine the prediction of coffee consumption on the incidence of Parkinson's disease. Subjects and methods: The study population comprised 6710 men and women, aged 50-79 years and free from Parkinson's disease at the baseline. At baseline, enquiries were made about coffee consumption in a self-administered questionnaire as the average number of cups per day. During a 22-year follow-up, 101 incident cases of Parkinson's disease occurred. Parkinson's disease cases were identified through a nationwide registry of patients receiving medication reimbursement, which is based on certificates from neurologist. Results: After adjustments for age, sex, marital status, education, community density, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, body mass index, hypertension and serum cholesterol, the relative risk for subjects drinking 10 or more cups of coffee per day compared with non-drinkers was 0.26 (95% confidence interval 0.07-0.99, P-value for trend 0.18). The association was stronger among overweight persons and among persons with lower serum cholesterol level (P-value for interaction=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that coffee consumption reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease, but protective effect of coffee may vary by exposure to other factors.://000257268600012PSaaksjarvi, K. Knekt, P. Rissanen, H. Laaksonen, M. A. Reunanen, A. Mannisto, S. 0954-3007ISI:0002572686000122.32610.10381|?`Koistinen, J. Kiviranta, H. Ruokojarvi, P. Parmanne, R. Verta, M. Hallikainen, A. Vartiainen, T.2008}Organohalogen pollutants in herring, from the northern Baltic Sea: Concentrations, congener profiles, and explanatory factors172-183Environmental Pollution1542ArticleJulOrganohalogen contaminants were investigated in Baltic herring caught from three catchment areas in the Baltic Sea, off the coasts of Finland. Pools of both small and large herring were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, naphthalenes, camphenes (toxaphene), polybrominated diphenyl ethers and the pesticide DDT and its metabolites. PCB concentrations per fresh weight in small herring were at the same level in all catchment areas, i.e. the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Gulf of Finland, revealing no hot spots and reflecting most likely long term emissions and atmosheric deposition. Differences in the levels and/or congener profiles of other p contaminants between catchment areas may be explained by point sources. Similar concentrations in small and large herring in the Gulf of Finland were possibly due to their common nutrition. In the other areas, differences between small and large herring most likely reflected their different food sources. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.://000257258700003uKoistinen, Jaana Kiviranta, Hannu Ruokojarvi, Paivi Parmanne, Raimo Verta, Matti Hallikainen, Anja Vartiainen, Terttu 0269-7491ISI:0002572587000033.13510.1016/j. wF|?/Hemminki, E. Heikkila, K. Sevon, T. Koponen, P.2008ySpecial features of health services and register based trials - experiences from a randomized trial of childbirth classesBmc Health Services Research8ArticleJunBackground: Evaluating complex interventions in health services faces various difficulties, such as making practice changes and costs. Ways to increase research capacity and decrease costs include making research an integral part of health services and using routine data to judge outcomes. The purpose of this article is to report the feasibility of a pilot trial relying solely on routinely collected register data and being based on ordinary health services. Methods: The example intervention was education to public health nurses (PHN) (childbirth classes) to reduce caesarean section rates via pre-delivery considerations of pregnant women. 20 maternity health centers (MHC) were paired and of each 10 pairs, one MHC was randomly allocated to an intervention group and the other to a control; 8 pairs with successful intervention were used in the analyses (1601 mothers). The women visiting to the study maternity centers were identified from the Customer Register of Helsinki City. A list of the study women was made using the mother's personal identification number, visit date, the maternity center code, birth date and gestation length. The mode of delivery and health outcomes were retrieved from the Finnish Medical Birth Register (MBR). Process data of the intervention are based on observations, written feedback and questionnaires from PHNs, and project correspondence. Results: It took almost two years to establish how to obtain permissions and to actually obtain it for the trial. Obtaining permissions for the customer and outcome data and register linkages was unproblematic and the cluster randomization provided comparable groups. The intervention did not succeed well. Had the main aim of the trial been to cause a change in PHNs behavior, we would have very likely intensified the intervention during the trial. Conclusion: Our experiences encourage the use of trials that obtain their outcomes from registers. Changing the behavior of ordinary health service providers is a challenging intervention.://000257396900001>Hemminki, Elina Heikkila, Kaija Sevon, Tiina Koponen, Paivikki 1472-6963ISI:0002573969000011.358126 10.1186/ԸF|?;Saarela, J. Jung, G. Hermann, M. Nimpf, J. Schneider, W. J.2008/The patatin-like lipase family in Gallus gallus Bmc Genomics9ArticleJunBackground: In oviparous species, genes encoding proteins with functions in lipid remodeling, such as specialized lipases, may have evolved to facilitate the assembly and utilization of yolk lipids by the embryo. The mammalian gene family of patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) has received significant attention, but studies in other vertebrates are lacking; thus, we have begun investigations of PNPLA genes in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Results: We scanned the draft chicken genome using human PNPLA sequences, and performed PCR to amplify and sequence orthologous cDNAs. Full-length cDNA sequences of galline PNPLA2/ATGL, PNPLA4, -7, -8, -9, and the activator protein CGI-58, as well as partial cDNA sequences of avian PNPLA1, -3, and -6 were obtained. The high degree of sequence identities (similar to 50 to 80%) between the avian and human orthologs suggests conservation of important enzymatic functions. Quantitation by qPCR of the transcript levels of PNPLAs and CGI-58 in 21 tissues indicates that expression patterns and levels diverge greatly between species. A particularly interesting tissue in which certain PNPLAs may contribute to physiological specialization is the extraembryonic yolk sac. Conclusion: Knowledge about the exact in-vivo functions of PNPLAs in any system is still sparse. Thus, studies about the temporal expression patterns and functions of the enzymes identified here, and of other already known extracellular lipases and co-factors, in the yolk sac and embryonic tissues during embryogenesis are called for. Based on the information obtained, further studies are anticipated to provide important insights of the roles of PNPLAs in the yolk sac and embryo development.://000257359400001TSaarela, Jani Jung, Gerlinde Hermann, Marcela Nimpf, Johannes Schneider, Wolfgang J. 1471-2164ISI:0002573594000014.180281 10.1186G7t|?ZMetsala, J. Kilkkinen, A. Kaila, M. Tapanainen, H. Klaukka, T. Gissler, M. Virtanen, S. M.2008dPerinatal factors and the risk of asthma in childhood - A population-based register study in Finland170-178 American Journal of Epidemiology1682ArticleJulUThe aim of the study was to assess whether perinatal factors are associated with the risk of asthma in childhood in a register-based, nested case-control study in Finland. All children born between January 1, 1996, and April 30, 2004, who were entitled to a special reimbursement for antiasthmatic drugs (i.e., had diagnosed asthma by 2006 and had purchased inhaled corticosteroids or montelukast at least once), were identified (n = 21,038). For each case, one matched control child was selected. The associations between perinatal factors, derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register, and the risk of asthma were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. In the final multivariate model, maternal asthma, young age, smoking, previous miscarriages, and a high number of previous deliveries, as well as cesarean section, low gestational age, and low ponderal index, were associated with an increased risk of asthma in children diagnosed before the age of 3 years. Among children diagnosed at the age of 3 years or later, maternal asthma, low gestational age, and low ponderal index were associated with an increased risk, and a high number of previous deliveries was associated with a decreased risk of asthma. In conclusion, perinatal factors play a role in the development of asthma in childhood, but the etiology may differ in early and late-onset asthma.://000257394800006pMetsala, Johanna Kilkkinen, Annamari Kaila, Minna Tapanainen, Heli Klaukka, Timo Gissler, Mika Virtanen, Suvi M. 0002-9262ISI:0002573948000065.28510 057 [doi]Eng .1093/aje/kwn105 04.009 [doi]eng 06.002 [doi]Eng /1471-2164-9-281 1472-6963-8-126 62.x [doi]eng1.006 [doi]eng envpol.2007.10.019 38/sj.ejcn.1602798 /sj.ejcn.1602788 031936.000525071096/fj.07-102442j.fct.2008.04.017 -08 [doi]Eng  Finland.eng -08 [doi]Eng 020529 [doi]eng c2e [doi]Eng 68000232.102 38/oby.2008.235 2/peds.2007-3858 73290000581.758 091371 [doi]engPK[8I/**refs.FRM 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! 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