Quality Assessment of Data on Marital Status and Educational Achievement in the WHO MONICA Project

Table 8. Change in mean years of schooling between surveys in 10-year birth cohorts defined by year of birth. Men and women aged 25-54 in the initial survey (see Section 4.4)
RUASurveyMENWOMENScore
25-34 35-4445-5425-3435-4445-54
changes.e. changes.e.changes.e.change s.e.changes.e.changes.e.
BEL-CHAaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -1.5*
0.5
-1.0
 0.5
0.4
0.5
 -1.3
-0.3
-1.6*
 0.5
0.5
0.5
 0.0
-0.0
0.0
 0.5
0.5
0.5
 -1.1*
-0.4
-1.5*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.5
-0.2
-0.7
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.6
0.3
-0.3
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 2
2
1
BEL-GHEaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 1.0
-0.6
0.3
 0.5
0.4
0.4
 -0.3
0.2
-0.1
 0.5
0.5
0.5
 -0.1
-0.3
-0.4
 0.4
0.5
0.4
 -0.4
0.2
-0.2
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.1
-0.4
-0.5
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.2
-0.4
-0.1
 0.3
0.4
0.4
 2
2
2
CHN-BEIaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -1.0*
1.3*
0.3
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -1.1*
0.9
-0.2
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -1.6*
1.0
-0.6
 0.5
0.5
0.5
 -0.3
0.9*
0.6
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.1
-0.2
-0.3
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -1.7*
0.2
-1.5*
 0.5
0.4
0.4
 0
2
1
CZE-CZEaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.3
-0.0
0.3
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 0.4
0.1
0.5
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.0
0.5
0.5
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 0.1
0.0
0.1
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 0.1
0.2
0.3
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.1
0.2
0.1
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 2
2
2
FIN-KUOaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.3
0.3
0.6
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 -0.1
0.6
0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.2
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
0.4
0.6
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.3
-0.2
-0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.4
-0.1
-0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
FIN-NKAaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.3
0.7*
1.0*
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 0.1
-0.2
-0.1
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 0.2
0.4
0.7*
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 0.1
-0.0
0.1
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 0.1
0.4
0.5
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 -0.6*
0.3
-0.2
 0.2
0.2
0.3
 1
2
1
FIN-TULaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.4
0.2
0.6
 0.4
0.4
0.3
 0.1
0.0
0.1
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 -0.1
0.4
0.3
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 0.3
-0.5
-0.2
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 -0.0
0.2
0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.3
-0.2
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.2
 2
2
2
FRA-LILaIni-Fin -0.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.4 0.4 1.0* 0.3 1.0* 0.4 0
FRA-STRaIni-Fin dnc dnc 0.9* 0.3 0.9* 0.3 dnc dnc 1.1* 0.3 1.0* 0.3 0
FRA-TOUaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 -0.2
0.5
0.4
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.2
0.7
0.9
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
1.1*
 dnc
dnc
0.4
 dnc
dnc
0.2
 dnc
dnc
0.4
 2
2
1
RUASurveyMENWOMENScore
25-34 35-4445-5425-3435-4445-54
changes.e. changes.e.changes.e.change s.e.changes.e.changes.e.
GER-AURaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.5
0.2
0.7*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.3
0.3
0.6
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
-0.6
-0.4
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 0.1
0.4
0.5
 0.2
0.3
0.2
 -0.3
-0.1
-0.4
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 0.0
0.1
0.2
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 2
2
2
GER-AUUaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.7
-0.6
0.1
 0.4
0.4
0.3
 -0.1
0.1
0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.0
0.5
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
-0.0
0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
-0.0
-0.1
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.2
-0.3
-0.4
 0.2
0.3
0.2
 2
2
2
GER-BERaIni-Mid -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 2
GER-BREaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.7
-0.2
0.5
 0.4
0.3
0.4
 0.0
0.1
0.1
 0.3
0.2
0.3
 -0.7*
0.5
-0.3
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.4
0.3
-0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.2
0.1
 0.2
0.2
0.3
 0.1
-0.1
-0.0
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 1
2
2
GER-EGEcIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -0.2
1.5*
1.3*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.5
1.0
0.6
 0.6
0.5
0.5
 0.5
0.8
1.3*
 0.6
0.5
0.5
 0.4
1.2*
1.6*
 0.5
0.4
0.4
 0.3
1.1*
1.4*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.8*
0.3
1.1*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 1
1
0
GER-EGEdMid-Fin 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 2
GER-HACaIni-Mid -0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 2
GER-KMSdIni-Mid -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 2
ICE-ICEaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 1.0
0.5
1.6*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.1
0.5
0.3
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.1
-0.2
-0.2
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.7
0.3
1.0*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.7
-0.3
0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.3
0.2
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
ITA-BRIaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -0.5
0.4
-0.1
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.5
-0.8
-0.3
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.4
-0.8*
-0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.1
0.4
0.6
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.0
-0.5
-0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.0
0.1
0.0
 0.2
0.3
0.2
 2
1
2
ITA-FRIaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.6
0.0
0.7
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.2
0.4
0.2
 0.3
0.4
0.4
 0.2
0.6
0.8
 0.3
0.4
0.4
 -0.3
0.0
-0.3
 0.3
0.4
0.4
 -0.3
0.7
0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.2
0.3
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
RUASurveyMENWOMENScore
25-34 35-4445-5425-3435-4445-54
changes.e. changes.e.changes.e.change s.e.changes.e.changes.e.
LTU-KAUaMid-Fin dnc dnc 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.4 dnc dnc 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 2
POL-TARaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.1
-0.3
-0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
-0.4
-0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.3
0.0
0.4
 0.2
0.3
0.2
 0.4
-0.3
0.0
 0.2
0.3
0.2
 2
2
2
POL-WARaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 -0.1
0.5
0.3
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 -0.3
0.3
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 -0.4
0.3
-0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.0
0.2
0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
RUS-MOCaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.4
-0.8
-0.4
 0.4
0.3
0.3
 0.7
-0.5
0.2
 0.4
0.5
0.5
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.0
-0.9*
-0.9*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.4
-0.7
-0.4
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 2
1
1
RUS-MOIaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.9
0.3
1.3*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.5
0.9
1.3*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.8
-0.4
0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 1.1*
-0.1
1.0*
 0.4
0.3
0.3
 1
2
0
RUS-NOCaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -0.0
0.6
0.6
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.0
1.0*
1.0*
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 -0.1
1.1*
0.9
 0.3
0.4
0.4
 0.1
1.1*
1.2*
 0.2
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.8*
0.7*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.4
0.2
0.6
 0.3
0.3
0.4
 2
0
0
RUS-NOIaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.4
1.3*
1.8*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.3
1.0*
1.3*
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 1.1*
0.3
1.5*
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.0
0.5
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.8*
0.8*
1.6*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.5
-0.5
-0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.4
 0
0
0
RUASurveyMENWOMENScore
25-34 35-4445-5425-3435-4445-54
changes.e. changes.e.changes.e.change s.e.changes.e.changes.e.
SPA-CATaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -0.2
-1.1*
-1.3*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.6
-0.8*
-1.4*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -1.0*
-0.3
-1.3*
 0.4
0.3
0.3
 -0.7
-1.2*
-1.9*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.4
-0.9*
-1.4*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -1.4*
-0.0
-1.4*
 0.4
0.3
0.3
 0
0
0
SWE-GOTaMid-Fin 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.7 0.4 2
SWE-NSWaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.3
0.2
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.2
0.5
0.3
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.4
0.1
-0.4
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.4
0.0
0.4
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 0.5
0.2
0.7
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.3
0.3
0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
SWI-TICaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 -0.3
-0.2
-0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.3
-0.6
-0.3
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 dnc
dnc
dnc
 0.2
-0.5
-0.3
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
-0.4
-0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 2
2
2
SWI-VAFaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 -0.3
-0.4
-0.7
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -1.0*
0.2
-0.8*
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.7
0.9*
0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.4
 -0.2
-0.0
-0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.2
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.5
0.7
0.2
 0.3
0.4
0.3
 1
1
1
UNK-BELaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.5
0.2
0.6
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.6*
0.6
 0.2
0.2
0.3
 -0.2
0.7*
0.5
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.0
0.5
0.4
 0.2
0.2
0.3
 0.0
0.4
0.4
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 -0.1
0.8*
0.6*
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 2
0
1
UNK-GLAaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.3
-0.5
-0.2
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.1
0.4
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.0
-0.1
-0.1
 0.3
0.2
0.3
 -0.1
0.3
0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.5
0.4
-0.1
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.1
0.3
0.2
 0.2
0.2
0.2
 2
2
2
USA-STAaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.6
-0.1
0.5
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -0.0
0.3
0.3
 0.4
0.5
0.5
 0.6
-1.4
-0.8
 0.5
0.6
0.6
 0.3
-0.3
-0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.2
0.2
0.4
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 0.5
0.2
0.7
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 2
2
2
YUG-NOSaIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.1
0.3
0.4
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 0.5
0.2
0.7
 0.4
0.4
0.3
 0.7
-0.0
0.7
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.4
0.3
-0.0
 0.3
0.3
0.3
 -1.0
1.2*
0.1
 0.4
0.4
0.4
 -0.9
0.3
-0.6
 0.5
0.5
0.5
 2
1
2
RUASurveyMENWOMENScore
25-34 35-4445-5425-3435-4445-54
changes.e. changes.e.changes.e.change s.e.changes.e.changes.e.
TotalIni-Mid
Mid-Fin
Ini-Fin
 0.1
0.2
0.4
 0.1
0.1
0.1
 -0.1
0.2
0.2
 0.1
0.1
0.1
 0.0
0.2
0.2
 0.1
0.1
0.1
 -0.0
0.2
0.1
 0.1
0.1
0.1
 0.0
0.1
0.2
 0.1
0.1
0.1
 -0.0
0.1
0.1
 0.1
0.1
0.1


Key:
dnc = data not collected
* = significant change